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Question:
At any work site where employees are engaged in work needs inspection of the below safety and security measures based on the site safety checklist
Fire – The risk of fire is high risk concern in the work site and needs inspection of the below as a safety measures.
Based on the findings from the checklist the below mentioned list is included in the Worksite’s safety inspection report documentation – Fire safety, electrical safety, general lighting, walkways maintenance, rubbish management, work benches rules, storage system, SDS for chemicals, first aid facility, floors maintenance, office arrangement, machines and equipment maintenance and WHS information (Haslam et al., 2005). If the inspection, and supervision of these safety and security measures are undertaken on regular basis it helps in maintaining the worksite safety and avoiding the accidents of staffs.
The first stage in the process of risk management is related with the Hazard identification. In context to the construction the hazards identified include
All the hazard identified will be rated as explained in the risk assessment matrix and hazard report will be generated to help the employees in the workplace.
The regulation of WHS emphasis on explicit measures of control to executed to lessen the hazard identified on the worksite. For instance the risk related with trenches collapsing 1.5 metres or higher in depth can be controlled by taking measures like benching, shoring or battering. In case of control measures defined it needs to be executed before proceedings the work (Kaskutas et al., 2009). The first attempt is always eliminating the risk as it is the best measures but if it is not possible then measures taken to lessen the hazard identified on the worksite include substitution measures, isolation measures or engineering control measures. Substitution promote the replacing a hazard with a lesser one like substituting brick cutting saw blade with noise free one. Isolation promotes separating the hazard from staff like separating mobile plant area from staff. Engineering reduce risk by physical measures like using craning for movement of material. Sometimes the combination of all three measures are undertaken to lessen hazard identified on the worksite (Kaskutas et al., 2009). The administrative control approach like’ keep out’ sign, scheduling task outside UV radiation hours, training on use of new equipment, job rotation system and preventing unauthorized persons for private site also helps in lessening hazard identified on the worksite. Finally the personal protective equipment (PPE) are used in the lower order to lessen hazard identified on the worksite.
There are 14 hazards namely – Fire safety, electrical safety, general lighting, walkways maintenance, rubbish management, work benches rules, storage system, SDS for chemicals, first aid facility, floors maintenance, office arrangement, machines and equipment maintenance and WHS information based on site safety checklist and inspection report (Aksorn, and Hadikusumo, 2008). Using the information it is evident that there are four kinds of risks related with these hazards and they very high risk, high risk, medium risk and low risk. So the controlling measures recommended is based on the hierarchy that is defined from highest to the lowest level with respect to the protection and reliability. It is recommended that the priority should always be given to the highest level to the lowest level. The highest level of risk needs to be controlled with substitution, isolation or engineering control (Aksorn, and Hadikusumo, 2008). The medium level of risk can be handled with administrative control as explained above while the lower level of risk can be handled with the help of personal protective equipment (PPE) kike using ear plugs or ear muffs to reduce the risk of noise pollution at the workplace.
The new safety measures to the work team on the work site is enhanced with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect themselves while executing the construction work at the worksite (Rwamamara et al., 2010). Wide brimmed hats to protect the face neck, head and ears, sunglasses to protect the eyes and using sunscreen with SPF 30 to reduce the impact of ultraviolet radiation. To prevent the hazard of falling debris the new safety measures undertaken is the use of sign and poster ‘keep out’ and supported by a manpower to guide people during the process of scaffolding (Rwamamara et al., 2010). The use of residual current devices (RCD) or safety switches in the workplace to protect the staff from the electric shock. The other new safety measures to the work team on the work site include applying falling object protective structure (FOPS) and roll over protective structure (ROPS) in the process of enclosing an open cab excavator.
It was recommended that all the four types of risk can be handled with the help of proper risk handling methods. The risk of fall while the staffs is trying to remove old roofing is related with deciding if the roof demolition can be handled from the ground and it is elimination. If it is not possible then the risk can be reduced by using elevating work platforms or by working off scissor (Caponecchia, and Sheils, 2011). On the other hand by using administrative control the same can be dealt with the help of providing onsite training about rules and safe work method statements (SWMS) related with working at heights in the construction work of building. Similarly to manage the risk of staff working in the same worksite from being struck the elimination process include the use of traffic lights rather than the use of traffic controller to handle traffic. The substitution process focuses on replacing an item in the mobile plant with clear field of vision to one with restricted vision. The isolation process promotes the segregation of work with regard to time and distance (Caponecchia, and Sheils, 2011). The process of engineering focuses on the installation of collision evasion techniques during the reversal of vehicle. The administrative process promotes the development and implementation of traffic management plan to conducting traffic control. Finally as part of personal protective equipment (PPE) it is essential for all staffs to use reflective clothing or vests with high visibility.
The risk and hazard identification in the building and construction workplace is a joint work where the inspection of current worksite is completed with the use of site safety checklist and it was documented in the site safety inspection report. It was followed by identifying the hazard and rating table to generate a hazard report (Loosemore, and Andonakis, 2007). The implementation of controls was conducted with the help of discussion with colleagues on the worksite and involving the information collected from online research and speaking to the health and safety specialists namely the worksafe in the state and taking their advice with regard to the measures for lessening the hazard in the worksite. In the process of completing the project the required assistance from the tutor and mentor is also taken and their guidance followed in conducting the online research.
The controlling process that is implemented in building and construction workplace to safeguard the health and safety of workers should be monitored on a continuous basis to ensure the effectiveness of the system and reduce the hazard in the workplace. The monitoring method needs to be happening on a continuous basis and it can implemented by undertaking the similar approach as it was done during the identification of hazard in the initial stage (Törner, and Pousette, 2009). The popular approach comprises of the inspection of the worksite, consultation with team and expert, testing and evaluating the data and record. The process of monitoring the control process also comprise of determining if a control measures of higher level is practically possible now. It includes the following
In the process of monitoring control measures it is essential to include the safe work method statements (SWMS) review so that necessary revision can be undertaken. If any issues are detected it is recommended to undertake the risk management steps, conduct the review of information and take future decision related with the measures of control (Törner, and Pousette, 2009). In this regard a change in the worksite includes worksite change itself or change is some aspect of the environment in the worksite. It can also be related with teh change in the process, procedures or system in the workplace. If the SWMS has been designed for construction work with high risk or in case a WHS management plan designed for project related with construction it needs to be reviewed for effectiveness.
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