ED1064 Study Skills

Introduction

Generally speaking, water is one most crucial substances in our daily lives. Human beings, including plants and animals, cannot survive without water because it helps body cells to function normally. Additionally, water helps irrigation, transport, and domestic use such as cooking, drinking, and washing. Therefore proper water supply to any given country should be the priority. However, some developing countries face challenges in supplying water to their citizens. For instance, close to 8 million Ugandans cannot access safe water (Senabulya et al., 2019). Also, water and sanitation go hand in hand, and in this case, about 27 million Ugandans rely on sub-standard sanitation facilities. Further reports have shown that disparities in Uganda on water access have made impoverished people living in urban areas use 22 percent of their income to purchase water from water vendors.

Aims of the Report

This report aims to unveil water supply problems in Uganda and suggest what can bring such issues to an end. This report will also conclude the ideal water supply method to assure every Ugandan of access to clean water supply every day.

Background

Kampala is the capital city of Uganda and has some regions where water supply is a problem. One such area is the Lubaga division (Ssemugabo et al., 2020). In this region, water provision is through formal and informal means. The informal water sources include buying water from water vendors, usually men with pushcarts, bicycles, and wheelbarrows, and buying from people possessing standing pipes. People also get access to water through other informal water sources like ponds, boreholes, wells, seasonal rivers, and streams (Ssemugabo et al., 2020). Besides, some Lubaga people have access to water through formal means, which refers to water provision from registered sources.

Current Situation of Water Supply in Lubaga

In the Lubaga division, the larger population relies on informal water methods, while the minority access quality water through formal means (Olowo, 2021). The disadvantaged group fails to acquire a clean water supply because it is expensive to install. The installation expenses include buying water gates and water pipes, which have to cover large distances from the main lines. The poor therefore opt for getting untreated water from rivers and wells. Still installed piped water sometimes becomes unreliable, especially when pipes bursts.

Consequently, water fails to reach the consumer, and if it reaches the standing pipe, it cannot be consumed because it comes with dirt (Olowo, 2021). Also, needy families may delay paying water bills significantly when water bills rise. Therefore, such people will opt for traveling long distances in search of water from rivers when the water supply is cut off by supply management.

Presentation of Options and Requirements

The government of Uganda has a responsibility to provide its people with water. Besides, in Kampala and other Uganda areas, private agents and no-governmental organizations provide water (Atuyambe, Atusingwize, & Kayemba, 2020). But provision depends on whether formal or informal. The formal water sources follow a specific procedure to acquire water from a known source, water treated, and guaranteed safe for human consumption. Informal water access is, in reality, natural or underground sources. Formal mechanisms involve pumping water to consumers through pipes from natural sources. For the simple case, people carry water from rivers and wells and other underground sources using jerry-cans (Atuyambe, Atusingwize, & Kayemba, 2020).

Moreover, people harvest water from roof-tops and over-flow from roads. However, such kinds of water sources may not be reliable for a long time. Additionally, the water from informal sources is not 100% guaranteed on its safeness and source; therefore, its consumption is also a risk to human health.

References

Atuyambe, L., Atusingwize, E., & Kayemba, C. N. (2020). “The Underground Water Sources were Contaminated” A Qualitative Assessment of the Spread of Typhoid Fever in Kampala City, Uganda.

Olowo, S. (2021). Analysing the relationship between wind patterns and rainfall received in Kampala district, Uganda (Doctoral dissertation, Makerere University).

Senabulya, G. W., Alege, J. B., Atuhairwe, C., & Taremwa, I. M. (2019). Prevalence and associated factors of bed bug infestations (Cimex lectularius) in the lubaga division, Kampala capital city, Uganda.

Ssemugabo, C., Halage, A. A., Namata, C., Musoke, D., & Ssempebwa, J. C. (2020). A socio-ecological perspective of the facilitators and barriers to uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in a Slum setting in Kampala, Uganda: a qualitative study. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 10(2), 227-237.

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