NRSG 258 Principle of Nursing Surgical

  • Subject Code :  

    NRSG 258

  • Country :  

    AU

  • University :  

    Australian Catholic University

Answer:

According to the case study, it is obtained that the patient is suffering from a left femoral fracture in the neck. This can involve a few signs and symptoms in the context of the medical knowledge with the evaluation of the CRC. The first stage of this cycle deals with the cues in the diagnosis of the broken femur. The two identified issue for this patient deals with the pain in the hip along with the decrease in mobility. The patient is suffering from intense pain with the left fracture of the femur that often causes shorten and sideways rotation along with the increase in pain and swelling at the side of the hip (Connolly et al. 2015). Femoral neck fracture can be termed as the type of hip fracture along with the ball and socket joint that can disconnect the rest part of the femur. This may lead to groin pain as a worse result of pressurising the injured leg of the patient. This can be identified as the issues in the form of cue collection with the further progress of the treatment with this bone diseases. 

Deformity of femur fracture can be caused by the lower extremity of muscles as attracted with the femur. The proximal fragment deals with the abduction and flexion with the iliopsoas that can be attached with a lesser trochanter with the strong flexion vector. The gluteus medius is attached with the trochanter with the development of the strong abduction force. The pathophysiology of this factor deals with the distal fragment that can attach to the posterior femur. Thus, it can be observed that the fracture in the femur deals with the posterior part of the body resulting in the pain and the swelling of the hip joint (Cutter et al. 2015). The deformity occurs due to this extension of fracture involves the management of pain along with the crest and Aspera of the muscles.
 
As per the identification of the issue, it can be discussed that fracture of the femur is painful, along with the development of the gap in the ball and socket joint. Radiation and physical therapy deal with the significant remodelling of the bones resulting in the solution of the problem. This crack in the femur results in the mobility of the person as the pain occurs in the right side of the hip result in the breakdown of the body balance. The physical exercise may modify the condition of the patient suffering from such a situation with the development of the guided injection (Robertson & Wood, 2018). The body parts deal with the reduction of period along with the management of femur fracture to reflect the pathophysiology of the diseases with the effectiveness in the body of the patient. 
 
The physiological mechanism with the relationship of depression deals with the blood pressure to affect the sympathetic nervous system along with the development of the pathogenic role of the diseases. The deficiency of the monoamine involves the pathophysiological concept of depression along with the depletion of neurotransmitter and dopamine that can affect the CNS of the patient (Dalton, Gee & Levett-Jones, 2015). The femur fracture deals with the development of hypertension and the generation of depression in the patients that can affect mental stability. This can act as the vital factor at the time of medication concerning the femur fracture however, anxiety and depression raise the blood pressure of the patient with the periodic change. Headache and nervousness deal with the major sign and symptom of hypertension that enhances the medical practitioner to provide the dosage of drugs that can inhibit the blood pressure and to control the nerves of the patient during the treatment of femur fracture. 
 
Pain in the hip Fracture Management can be divided into techniques along with the closed reduction with the period of mobilization. Paediatric fracture deals with the significant remodelling of potential with the surgical intervention and unstable fractures. The non-operative technique of fracture management deals with the initial stage of intervention to modify the intraarticular fractures in the body (Lindsey et al. 2018). The operative technique is a firm of intervention of fracture management that causes disquiet in the muscle-tendon that may affect the joint (Hunter & Arthur, 2016). physical Therapy act as the major goal for the medication of the femur injury that can help in the reduction of the pain (Liou et al. 2016).  
 
As discussed, occupational therapy and ultra-guided injection can be considered as the two goal that is involved in the decrease in the mobility. However, the occupational therapy involves with the integrated unit of surgery that deals with the treatment of femur fracture with the association of fluorescence guided injections. The are the ionizing radiations that penetrates the bone and provide the detailed analysis of the treatment needed for the patient. This factor can involve in the reduction of the surgical pain with the accurate process of treatment. The ultra-guided injection deals with the surgery that relives the pain for a particular interval of time with the reduction of pain to increase in the mobility. This is the fact that distinguish the ultra-guided injection with the occupational therapy in the context of the femur fracture followed by the hip pain. 

The femur fracture deals with the orthopaedic injury deals with the high impact mechanism along with the swelling and deformity pain based on physical examination. Femur fracture deals with the swelling of tenderness along with no ambulatory and non-accidental trauma.  The proximal fragment deals with the removal and bending of the iliopsoas, which can be linked to the solid vector by a lesser trochanter (Steinberg et al. 2017). Through the formation of the heavy abduction force, the gluten Medias is bound to the trochanter. This factor's pathophysiology covers the distal fragment which may connect to the posterior femur. Thus, the fracture of the femur deals with the back portion of the body that leads to inflammation and hip joint swelling. Owing to the increase in the fracturing, deformity arises simultaneously with the crest and Aspera of the muscles. 

Several studies reflect that depression act as the driving force in the generation of hypertension with the development of the further phases of heart diseases. Femur fracture can act as the life-threatening factor that may cause a blood clot in the large vein of leg muscle with the development of swelling and pain in the joint of the hip (Lee et al. 2020). The breakdown of the blood clotting in the legs may eventually travel with the bloodstream and can cause a pulmonary embolism. This is the rationale that involves various medication for the patients suffering from such injury. This fracture may act as the vital factor that can affect the pathways of the heart and lungs with the control and randomized trial among the patients. 

This case study reflects the name of the three drugs in the preoperative condition of the patient. Narrowing down the mechanism of the drugs applied to the patient suffering from the dosage of Coversyl 5mg, Atorvastatin 40mg and Doxepin 25mg. The fracture and the pain increase the factor of hypertension resulting in an increase in the blood pressure of the patient. Coversyl act as the ACE inhibitor reduces the blood pressure of the patient resulting in the catalysation and inhibition of the angiotensin of both classes. Decrease in the plasma results in a decrease in the aldosterone of the patient. This drug act as the inhibitor of hypertension with the adaptation of the body support for the patient (Le Roux et al. 2018). Doxepin can be derived as the drug of TCA class with the increase in hypertension along with the development of the neurotransmitter.
 
Fracture in the femur results in the reduction of nerves of the patients that involves the role of the increase in the concentration of neurotransmitter. It acts as the tricyclic antidepressant along with the mechanism of certain chemicals such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Doxepin act as the histamine receptor with the management of a major role along with the induction of drowsiness. Atorvastatin is a drug that acts as the reductase with the prevention of the mevalonate along with the decrease in the rate of cholesterol in the body. This drug sheds an effect on the fracture of the femur bones with the increase in the LDL and hepatic receptors with the decrease in the body fat. The medication of depression and hypertension involves the drugs such as coversyl and atorvastatin to enhance the physical and the mental growth of the patient with the further progress of the medication of femur injury. The coversyl can effectively deal with hypertension in the context of the case study with the increase in the mental stability of the patient (Fernald et al. 2021). 

Several psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, endurance, and personality characteristics, affect recovery following complete hip arthroplasty (THA) (Benditz et al., 2017). Perioperative improvements in psychological status and their effect on perioperative result were also goals. Within a 5-week stay in the acute and recovery unit, depression and state distress levels declined dramatically, while endurance stayed unchanged (Benditz et al., 2017). Mrs. Berry may need therapy in order to restore control and strength after complete hip replacement surgery. The degree to which a person progresses is often determined by the patient's determination, effort, and expectations established by the physician. Furthermore, variables such as income status and insurance have been found to lead to the variation in results among patients seeking complete hip replacement surgery, according to the bio-psychosocial model (Howard, 2017).
 
Mrs. Berry had been put on full bed rest due to her post-operative stage, and her older husband will have no one to look after him. As a result, it is important for the nurse to find any temporary assistance to attend to Mr. Berry's needs so that Mrs. Berry remains stress-free and can concentrate entirely on her rehabilitation. "Knowledge, thought, hope, feeling, and belief" are essential, according to Roper (Williams, 2015). Roper-Logan-Tierney Model considers a cognitive approach to the patient's diagnosis and care, not as a listing of cases on paper, but as an approach to and arrangement of the nurses' treatments," as described in the sense of the event. During the whole recovery plan and evaluation, the patient should be assessed for admission and his dependency and independence should be tested. When assessing progress in the dependence-independence continuum, the nurse can determine whether the patient benefits or not, and make medication adjustments based on the evidence.

References:

Araújo, C. G. S., Freire, I. V., Ribeiro, Í. J. S., Montino, Y. F., Casotti, C. A., & Pereira, R. (2019). The Physical Activity Level, Body Composition and Diabetes Mellitus Influence the Association Between Depression and Hypertension in Community-Dwelling Elders. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, 32(4), 355-361.

Black, D. M., Geiger, E. J., Eastell, R., Vittinghoff, E., Li, B. H., Ryan, D. S., ... & Adams, A. L. (2020). Atypical femur fracture risk versus fragility fracture prevention with bisphosphonates. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(8), 743-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2020.04.011 

Chen, S., Conwell, Y., Xue, J., Li, L. W., Tang, W., Bogner, H. R., & Dong, H. (2018). Protocol of an ongoing randomized controlled trial of care management for comorbid depression and hypertension: the Chinese Older Adult Collaborations in Health (COACH) study. BMC geriatrics, 18(1), 1-9. https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-018-0808-1 

Connolly, H. M., Schaff, H. V., Abel, M. D., Rubin, J., Askew, J. W., Li, Z., ... & Pellikka, P. A. (2015). Early and late outcomes of surgical treatment in carcinoid heart disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 66(20), 2189-2196. Retrived from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.014 

Cutter, D. J., Schaapveld, M., Darby, S. C., Hauptmann, M., Van Nimwegen, F. A., Krol, A. D., ... & Aleman, B. M. (2015). Risk for valvular heart disease after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 107(4). Retrived from: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv008 

Dalton, L., Gee, T., & Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The, 33(2), 29. Retrived from: doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.018184224173600
Fernald, F., Snijder, M., van den Born, B. J., Lok, A., Peters, R., & Agyemang, C. (2021). Depression and hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in a multiethnic population in the Netherlands: HELIUS study. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 1-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11739-021-02717-9 

Hunter, S., & Arthur, C. (2016). Clinical reasoning of nursing students on clinical placement: Clinical educators' perceptions. Nurse education in practice, 18, 73-79. Retrived from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.03.002 

Le Roux, S., Lotter, G. A., Steyn, H. S., & Malan, L. (2018). Cultural coping as a risk for depression and hypertension: the SABPA prospective study. Cardiovascular journal of Africa, 29(6), 366-373. https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2018-045 

Lee, C., Jang, J., Lee, S., Kim, Y. S., Jo, H. J., & Kim, Y. (2020). Classification of femur fracture in pelvic X-ray images using meta-learned deep neural network. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-12. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1916525 

Lindsey, M. L., Bolli, R., Canty Jr, J. M., Du, X. J., Frangogiannis, N. G., Frantz, S., ... & Heusch, G. (2018). Guidelines for experimental models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 314(4), H812-H838. Retrived from: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00335.2017 

Liou, S. R., Liu, H. C., Tsai, H. M., Tsai, Y. H., Lin, Y. C., Chang, C. H., & Cheng, C. Y. (2016). The development and psychometric testing of a theory‐based instrument to evaluate nurses’ perception of clinical reasoning competence. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(3), 707-717. Retrived from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12831 

Marco, M., Giner, E., Larraínzar-Garijo, R., Caeiro, J. R., & Miguélez, M. H. (2018). Modelling of femur fracture using finite element procedures. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 196, 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.04.024 
Robertson, G. A., & Wood, A. M. (2018). Hip hemi-arthroplasty for neck of femur fracture: What is the current evidence?. World journal of orthopedics, 9(11), 235. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v9.i11.235

Steinberg, E. L., Elis, J., Steinberg, Y., Salai, M., & Ben-Tov, T. (2017). A double-plating approach to distal femur fracture: a clinical study. Injury, 48(10), 2260-2265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2017.07.025 .

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