MATHS 3026 Cryptography

Introduction

In this generation, the uses of computing networks and servers are growing quickly that enables companies to connect their systems over the internet and develop effective communication platforms. The uses of computing networks also increase security risks and chances of hacking where the hackers can perform cyber-attacks and affect the connected networks and computing devices. Cryptography is a kind of technique that is used in communication networks in order to secure transmitted data and networks from cyber-criminals. In order to employs, cryptography programs for computing and communication security major two security protocols are used for example SSL and TLS protocols. The aim of the research is to critically review the working operations of SSL and TLS security protocols in the context of cryptography algorithms.

Secure socket layer (SSL)

SSL refers to the secure socket layer that delivers privacy to the data or information which is shared among web browsers and computing networks. Today, many business communities are accessing the computing networks and wireless sensor networks in order to perform data communication-related activities where it is easy for the hackers to perform hacking-related operations and target the transmitted data easily.

SSL provides a platform where the companies can connect communication channels with cryptography-based security algorithms so that data can be shared with larger confidentiality and security. Tschofenig and Fossati, (2016) examined that SSL is capable to encrypt the link among a web server and computing network that ensure that all data passed between the private networks can be protected from the cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities.

It is found that the SSL network mainly contains the combination of public-key encryption and private key encryption and cryptography functions which are capable to enable the companies to securely perform a business operation over the computing networks (Manhas, Taterh, and Singh, 2020). With the help of SSL based cryptography function, the computing networks and servers can be linked with the secured communication channels. The major working principle of SSL protocol is that it encrypts data that is shared among the server and web browser using private keys so that the insider threats and risks can be managed. It mainly contains public-key cryptography that uses private and public keys in order to transmit secure information among two computing systems and networks. With the help of using cryptography, encoding and decoding related activities can be performed in a reliable manner (Haque, 2016).

There are the following steps included in the working of SSL protocols in the context of cryptography security:

• A user of a computing system interconnect to an SSL enabled website and server
• The clients' application requests the public key exchange in the webserver. This public key conversation delivers methods for both parties to encode communications using the public key cryptographic process.
• When the operator directs communication to the server, the application usages the server’s community key for encrypting the transmitted data over the communication networks.
• The server obtains the operator’s message and decodes it with the help of a private key used in the encryption activities. Information or messages transferred back to the computing networks are encoded in a similar method using a public key produced by the operator’s application.

Lim, et al., (2016) reported that the major benefit of SSL communication protocol is that the computing networks and servers can be protected from cyber-criminals and effective cryptographic security programs can be developed. By encoding any data that goes among an employer and a web network, SSL safeguards that anybody who captures the records can only see a knotted mess of typescripts. The customer's credit card details are now safe. It is demonstrated that SSL is capable to stops convinced classes of cyber-attacks (Ferst, et al., 2018). Moreover, it validates web servers, which is significant because aggressors will often attempt to set up fake servers to trick operators and bargain data. It is able to prevent hackers from interfering with information in transit so that privacy can be improved and communication can be secured using cryptographic security programs.

Transport layer security (TLS)

TLS refers to the transport layer security which is a security protocol that has the potential to control and manage security risks and issues associated with the computing networks and servers by which privacy can be improved. It is a cryptographic protocol that is mainly developed for delivering the communication security platforms over the computing networks where cryptographic algorithms are used. Sirohi, Agarwal, and Tyagi, (2016) examined that TLS protocol is mainly included in the communication channels used by the companies for example email servers where data can be secured from cyber-criminals and insider threats.

The major aim of the TLS protocol is to provide security to the computer applications so that connected servers can be secured and the level of confidentiality can be enhanced. The primary use case of transport layer security is encoding the data communication among web applications and web servers (Alkazimi, and Fernandez, 2016). In the case of email servers, messaging and voice over networks, TLS security protocols can be applied so that the data can be secured from cyber-criminals. There are major three components of the TLS protocol for example encryption, authentication and integrity. Encryption is capable to hides the data being shared from third parties over the computing networks and authentication is able to ensure that the parties sharing data authentically connected with the servers. Moreover, integrity is capable to verify that the transmitted data has not been tempered with the cyber-criminals and security threats.

For a website to utilize the transport layer security, it should contain the TLS certificate included in the main server. A TLS certificate is capable to manage unauthorized servers and security issues in a significant manner (Alkazimi, and Fernandez, 2016). The TLS certificate includes significant information about the network domain along with the public key cryptographic algorithms. It is found that a TLS connection is applied using the sequence defined as TLS handshake. When a client navigates to a website using TLS protocol, the TLS handshake starts among with web server and device used by the clients. The TLS handshake is capable to create a cypher set for every communication assembly (Alashwali, Szalachowski, and Martin, 2019). The cypher set is conventional procedures that stipulate facts such as which mutual encryption explanations or assembly keys can be used for the business communication and computing servers.

Conclusion

From the above findings, it may be concluded that SSL and TLS both are effective protocols that can be applied to computing networks and web servers in order to develop cryptographic based security solutions. This research helped to review and evaluate the concept behind SSL and TLS security protocols. It is found that SSL is capable to encrypt the link among a web server and computing network that ensures that all data passed between the private networks can be protected from cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities. With the help of using cryptography, encoding and decoding related activities can be performed in a reliable manner. It is demonstrated that SSL is capable to stops convinced classes of cyber-attacks. Encryption is capable to hides the data being shared from third parties over the computing networks and authentication is able to ensure that the parties sharing data authentically connected with the servers. It is found that a TLS connection is applied using the sequence defined as TLS handshake.

References

Alashwali, E.S., Szalachowski, P. and Martin, A., (2019) Does" www." Mean Better Transport Layer Security?. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, pp. 1-7.

Alkazimi, A. and Fernandez, E.B., (2016) A misuse pattern for transport layer security (TLS) triple handshake authentication attack. In Proceedings of the 11th Latin-American Conference on Pattern Languages of Programming, pp. 1-7.

Alkazimi, A. and Fernandez, E.B., (2016) Heartbleed a misuse pattern for the OpenSSL implementation of the SSL/TLS protocol. In Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, pp. 1-8.

Ferst, M.K., de Figueiredo, H.F., Denardin, G. and Lopes, J., (2018) Implementation of secure communication with Modbus and transport layer security protocols. In 2018 13th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON), pp. 155-162.     

Haque, M.S., (2016) Web server vulnerability analysis in the context of transport layer security (tls). International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 13(5), p.11.

Lim, N., Majumdar, S. and Srivastava, V., (2016) Security sieve: a technique for enhancing the performance of secure sockets layer-based distributed systems. International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 31(5), pp.481-503.

Manhas, S., Taterh, S. and Singh, D., (2020) Deep Q learning-based mitigation of man in the middle attack over secure sockets layer websites. Modern Physics Letters B, 34(32), p.2050366.

Sirohi, P., Agarwal, A. and Tyagi, S., (2016) A comprehensive study on security attacks on SSL/TLS protocol. In 2016 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT), pp. 893-898). IEEE.

Tschofenig, H. and Fossati, T., (2016) Transport layer security (tls)/datagram transport layer security (dtls) profiles for the internet of things. In RFC 7925, 5(2), pp. 4-8.

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