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NURSING302
NZ
The University of Auckland
It is proposed by Benner that nurses depend highly on the previous experiences and they should increase their procedure of knowledge gaining via their clinical surroundings. The emphasis is made by Benner regarding the development of knowledge by gaining experiences, however does not develop negligence to analytical thoughts. Benner's novice to expert model assists the nurses in the care settings by serving the theoretical framework (Ozdemir, 2019). The purpose of the essay is to highlight Benner’s theory and the application of the theory to nursing practices. Firstly, an outline regarding Benner’s theory, the application of it along with five stages of clinical competence is to be mentioned. Secondly, a comparison between the activities of a novice with an advanced nurse is to be done. Thirdly, an explanation is to be done regarding the term advanced practice. Fourthly, the relation of Benner’s theory with NMBA Standards of Practice is to be done.
Patricia Benner made the introduction to a concept termed "From Novice to Expert". This theory is developed by Benner to explain that nurses can develop their qualifications and understanding regarding patient care over the duration from a mixture of a strong educational base as well as personal experiences (Nursing-theory.org., 2022). The purpose of this theory is that expert nurses can attain understanding and skills regarding patients via effective educational backgrounds and a multitude of varied experiences.
Benner’s theory was based on the Dreyfus Model of skill acquisition and implemented the model with the aim of a more objective method for measuring the progress associated with nursing subjects and skills. The application of the Dreyfus model is performed by Benner to research that investigated the performance as well as knowledge of the nurses (Graf et al., 2020). The utilization of this model is performed by Benner to improve her knowledge regarding practical recognition and expert abilities of the nurses performing at a varied level within the clinical settings (Graf et al., 2020). The actual skills of the Dreyfus acquisition model make the inclusion regarding five progressive phases that range from novice stage to the mastery stage (Graf et al., 2020).
Benner's philosophy serves as a systematic way of recognizing the way a learner, whether a novice, seasoned or new nurse, makes development regarding understanding and skills of a practice event or situation over some time. It is proposed by Dr. Benner that information and skills can be attained by the nurses even without learning theory. She explains this aspect by stating that the nurses' know-how without knowing that. She provided further data that knowledge development in the nursing grounds is comprised of knowledge extension via research and recognition through varied clinical experiences (Nursing-theory.org., 2022).
Benner developed the model to recognize the stages related to skill acquisition and the method regarding the transition to practice, that gets facilitated. This can be done by the perfect implementation of learning helps for the newly registered nurses in the clinical work in order to alleviate the ongoing attrition (Murray, Sundin & Cope, 2019). The five stages are:
The novice is termed as a beginner who is present with nil experiences in the performance event. Due to lack of duration, the occupational health nurses during the advanced beginner level regarding clinical skills should start to gain information about federal and state rules because they influence care provision (Rees & Hays, 1996).
These nurses, at this stage, must identify that there are several things required to be learned and get excited during unfamiliar events like carpal tunnel syndrome are found and recognized (Rees & Hays, 1996). At this stage, a determination is made by the nurses regarding the perfect treatment which is applied through trial and error, leading to the ineffectiveness of the care provision, at certain times. Benner's theoretical model regarding clinical competence describes five stages (Khalil, Byrne & Ristevski, 2019).
At this stage, the confidence level of the nurse gets enhanced and the nurse becomes an expert to deal with any kind of clinical situation that makes the nurse less dependable on the judgment of colleagues as well as other professionals (Rees & Hays, 1996). The nurse can now manage time and become more consistent. For example, at Benner's competent abilities, the occupational health nurse abides by the organizational processes, and depends on treatment protocols and checklists to attain consistency.
With the promotion of the nurse to a proficient stage, the nurse gains increased capability to view the overall situation. The viewpoint that is gained by the nurse now, is oriented to practical experiences instead of merely memorizing theories (Rees & Hays, 1996). It is not easier for the nurse to develop clinical decision-making as the competent nurse utilizes fewer options and opts directly to identify the crucial aspects of the issue. The differentiation is performed by Benner between practical and theoretical care (Alconero-Camarero et al., 2021).
The expert nurse is present with a wide knowledge base and usually has five years of experience in the nursing field (Rees & Hays, 1996). Now, the expert nurse can perceive a situation holistically through rapid focus on the issue without wasting time by taking into account the irrelevant information.
By the International Council of Nurses, Advanced Nursing Practice is termed to be the nursing field that develops expansion and extension regarding the boundaries associated with nursing scope of practice, dedicated to the knowledge of nursing and ensures the improvement of the particular profession. It is the responsibility of the Advanced Practice Nurses to describe as well as refine the philosophies as well as values concerned with the nursing theories and nursing research (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2019). From a global viewpoint, the Advanced Practice Nurses are regarded as the Registered Nurses who have gained expertise, information foundation, complicated decision-making ability and clinical competence to perform expanded nursing practices.
The novice nurse is present with no previous experiences and these nurses are taught with objective and simple attributes. It is due to the cause that novice nurse is present with no earlier experiences, they cannot perform discretionary judgment. For novice nurses, it is hard to make decisions regarding the works which are most related to completion because there are no concrete regulations to daily task performances in real-life circumstances. The novice nurses should be helped by nursing mentorship to help them improve their roles, skills, and delivery of clinical care (Bryan & Vitello-Cicciu, 2020).
On the contrary, Advanced Nurses are an important part of the healthcare system. They are prepared by certification regarding assessment, necessary education. They play the function of diagnosing and administrating the issues of patients, ordering for tests, and prescribes patients with the required medicines.
The theory proposed by Benner is related to the NMBA practice standards, which are the standards that defines the behavior and practice of nurses as well as midwives. Benner's theory is connected with Standard 1 and 2 of NMBA.
The Registered Nurses (RNs) must utilize several strategies of thinking and optimally accessible evidence so that they can make decisions and serve secured standard nursing practice within the evidence-based and person centred framework (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au., 2022). Critical thinking is the thought procedure that should be used by the RNs to make clinical decisions. Benner’s theory is related to this standard as Benner’s theory mentions that novice nurses can turn to become experts and gain clinical expertise through knowledge and experience acquisition. Critical thinking is then done by the expert nurses to ensure clinical decision development.
The practice of RN is oriented to purposefully involve the nurses in the professional and therapeutic connectivity. This comprises collegial generosity in the aspect of mutual respect and trust in professional connectivity (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au., 2022). Bennett’s theory is connected with this standard as the theory serves varied templates to help the nurses providence of care that provide respect to patients, thereby improving health outcomes. This theory has supported the nurses to adopt skilled nursing practices, to develop a trustworthy relationship with the patient, thereby improving their therapeutic and professional connectivity.
To conclude, it can be stated that in this essay, an illustration of Benner's theory is done, through the providence of an outline regarding the theory. The way the five stages of Bennett's theory help the nurses to improve from their novice to the expert stage is highlighted. The term advanced practice is explained. The difference between the activities of a novice and advanced nurse is mentioned. Finally, it is found the way through which Bennett's theory is related to the NMBA standards, which helps the nurses to attain the required expertise. The relation between two of the NMBA standards with Bennett's theory is highlighted in this essay.
Alconero-Camarero, A. R., Sarabia-Cobo, C. M., Catalán-Piris, M. J., González-Gómez, S., & González-López, J. R. (2021). Nursing Students’ Satisfaction: A Comparison between Medium-and High-Fidelity Simulation Training. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(2), 804.
Bryan, V., & Vitello-Cicciu, J. (2020). Effective Mentoring of Novice Nurses during a Healthcare Crisis.
Graf, A. C., Jacob, E., Twigg, D., & Nattabi, B. (2020). Contemporary nursing graduates’ transition to practice: A critical review of transition models. Journal of clinical nursing, 29(15-16), 3097-3107.
Khalil, H., Byrne, A., & Ristevski, E. (2019). The development and implementation of a clinical skills matrix to plan and monitor palliative care nurses' skills. Collegian, 26(6), 634-639.
Murray, M., Sundin, D., & Cope, V. (2019). Benner's model and Duchscher's theory: Providing the framework for understanding new graduate nurses' transition to practice. Nurse education in practice, 34, 199-203.
Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2022). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 25 February 2022, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/codes-guidelines-statements/professional-standards/registered-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx.
Nursing-theory.org. (2022). Dr. Patricia Benner - Nursing Theory. Nursing Theory. Retrieved 25 February 2022, from https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Patricia-Benner.php#:~:text=Patricia%20Benner%20developed%20a%20concept,educational%20foundation%20and%20personal%20experiences.
Ozdemir, N. G. (2019). The development of nurses’ individualized care perceptions and practices: Benner’s novice to expert model perspective. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 12(2), 1279-1285.
Rees, P. G., & Hays, B. J. (1996). Fostering expertise in occupational health nursing: Levels of skill development. AAOHN Journal, 44(2), 67-72.
Zaccagnini, M., & Pechacek, J. M. (2019). The doctor of nursing practice essentials: A new model for advanced practice nursing. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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