HCAS133 Survey of Anatomy and Physiology

Answer 1

According to USDA recommendations, an individual require from one litre to around four litres a day which depends on the age, health status and sex. For new born as well as infants, they would require water of amount 0.7 to 0.8 litres per day in form of formula or feeding on breast milk. In case of toddlers, they would require around 1.3 litres of water a day and for children whose age up to 8 years require 1.7 litres of water daily (Locke, Schneiderhan & Zick, 2018).

Boyes of age between 9 to 13 requires 2.4 litres and that of girls requires 2.1 litres. Again, teenage boys along with adult men requires almost 2.7 litres of water a day, whereas, that of teenage girls and women requires 2.3 litres and 2.7 litres  of water per day. A pregnant woman requires around 3 litres of water and that of 3.8 litres per day during lactation period (Locke, Schneiderhan & Zick, 2018).

Answer 2

There are some factors that could impact a person’s daily water intake which are as follows:

1. Age – the requirement of water varies with age. As a new born to an adult, the consumption of water increases with the age of the person. Infants would require water of amount 0.7 litres per day whereas, an adult requires around 3 litres of water per day (Geissler & Powers, 2017).
2. Body type – it a defining factor that how much water is required for an individual for maintaining proper hydration. People who perform regular exercise requires more water especially during workout sessions as body loses fluids faster during the exercising. Pregnant women and new mothers require more amount of water than normal females (Geissler & Powers, 2017).
3. Weight – it also influences the consumption of water for an individual. Heavier and taller people require more water for covering the fluids lost by the large surface area (Geissler & Powers, 2017).
4. Environment – people living in hot and dry environment requires more water than that of people living in cold and humid environment. This is because in hot environment the body requires more water to replace the fluids that is being lost from the body (Geissler & Powers, 2017).

Answer 3

The colour of urine usually changes from pale yellow to deep amber. The colouration of urine is due to the urochrome pigment which is also known as urobilin. If intake of water is sufficient and the body is fully hydrated then the colour of urine becomes lighter or pale yellow as it becomes diluted by water (Suh & Kavouras, 2019). However, if the body is dehydrated and lacks water then the urine becomes concentrated due to the pigment which causes the deep coloration of urine.  

References

Geissler, C., & Powers, H. J. (Eds.). (2017). Human nutrition. Oxford University Press. Human Nutrition - Google Books

Locke, A. B., Schneiderhan, J., & Zick, S. M. (2018). Diets for health: goals and guidelines. American family physician, 97(11), 721-728. Diets for Health: Goals and Guidelines - American Family Physician (aafp.org)

Suh, H., & Kavouras, S. A. (2019). Water intake and hydration state in children. European journal of nutrition, 58(2), 475-496. Water intake and hydration state in children | SpringerLink

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