9074 Introduction to Digital Forensics

Cloud Forensic Challenges

In this part, we discuss the cloud forensics challenges noted from the survey carried out in the certain area. Also, we go beyond the one and accomplish a classification of the specific challenges restricted on the cloud forensics operation steps. It should be listed that most of the challenges discussed are mainly utilized on public clouds while some have utility on private cloud structures as well.

Access to evidence in logs

Logs play an important part in a research. Having entry to log documents in order to note a problem is the first thing for the researchers. Gathering logs from a cloud environment is a hard operation, provided the unclear situations of clouds and several types cloud prototype, where a large number of unique clients utilize the same operation and network materials. The discovery of logs also relies on the service prototype. In PaaS and SaaS, observing structure situations and log documents is not practical because the users entry is totally restricted to the Application Program Interface (API) or the pre‐developed interface. It is just somehow usable in IaaS cloud prototype as it gives the VM, which acts closely the same as a real device. Moreover, many CSPs do not give services to collect logs and other times knowingly cover the credentials from clients. Investigators have already found several kind of challenges related with logging in cloud‐based software structures.

Volatile data

Data kept in a VM scenario in an IaaS service prototype will be erased when the VM is switched off or restarted. This depicts to the missing of crucial verification such as registry entries, operations, and short time Internet documents. In case an attacker starts the process of an attack on a VM with no consistent memory synchronization, when the assault is done, the attacker can switch off the VM scenario hence resulting in a total loss of volatile data, if in-case there is no action of restoration activities launched.

Client side identification

Proof can be attain not only in the source part but also in the users part interface. In most of the instances, the client agent (e.g., the web browser) on the user device is the only software that exchange information with the operation in the cloud. This usually utilize for SaaS and PaaS instances. Once the attacker is found, researchers require to be cautious ready and move faster to gather the information as soon as possible in its sterile situation for forensic actions to utilize as proof. In other scenarios, the attacker might demolish information, and important proof could be erased. User side proof evidence take part in an import process of the research, and in most cases it is hard to gain because of different rules of law. In an thorough forensic research, the proof information collected from the browser parts should not be erased, and their gatherings should be carefully planned and launched.

Cloud Forensic Solutions

In this part, we discuss all possible solutions against such challenges, noted from an research evidence carried out in the specific area. In the below part, noted solutions are shown specifically against each challenge.

Access to evidence in logs

One of the most crucial challenge in cloud forensics is the noting and gathering of logs from cloud systems. This is logical because clients and researchers have almost no power over the CSPs' systems on which the research is relied upon as explained before. From the study of the cloud forensic review, it is obvious that this challenge is aimed from the several of investigators that works with the specific area. There are several investigators that attempts to come up with correct answers. One researcher came up with secure‐logging‐as‐a‐service (SecLaas) technique for cloud forensics, which enables CSPs to keep VMs' logs and grand entry to forensic researchers while protecting the privacy of the cloud clients. Moreover, a client can confirm the confidentiality of the logs by utilizing the evidence of previous log and the log chain.

Volatile data

To defeat the challenge of volatile data, live research has been utilized as an option address to dead possession. One researcher explained that the certain addresses allows researchers to collect information that might otherwise be erased if a computer device is switched off. On the other hand, it may raise the sum of data a researcher is able to collect. To solve this problem, a researcher postulate that the amount to be globalized between CSPs to provide consistent memory gadget for users information.

To protect depletion of volatile information, regular information synchronization between the VM and the consistent memory or a non‐cloud‐based memory. This answers does not give any rules about the methods, and the two possible scenarios of steady synchronization. CSPs can give a steady synchronization API to clients, and CSPs can merge the synchronization technique with every VM and keep the information within their structure.

Client side identification

To note proof on users part, building and executing a software to log all possible proof on the users device. However, they did not give out any procedural about the software and the techniques.

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