9789 Technology and Enginering Management

Question 1 – Introduction.

1. Identify and apply at least two of the different creativity techniques to help develop Amy’s idea further into a more concrete one.

The creative techniques identified to help Amy develop the idea includes;

Brainstorming.

• It is used to generate ideas in the group basing on the suspend judgement principle [1]. It refers as the creative conference to develop a list of ideas[2]. Brainstormingis one of the popular creativity techniques [3].The Amy’s idea is can be demonstrated in the  post-its, images and videos  to help in generating idea .

Mind Mapping.

Mind also aid in generating idea and It work hand in hand with brainstorming [3].It combines aspects of brainstorming, sketching, and diagramming . It starts on the middle of the board the Amy’s idea, invites team  to  work in all directions, produce and organize the structures using key word, images and videos .

The brainstorming and mind mapping are suitable creative techniques that can be adopted to develop amy’s idea because they are interrelated.

1. In this context, Amy could be thought of as an idea generator. Since she has asked for your assistance, perform a SWOT analysis of yourself and identify which of the different roles of technological innovation you would best fit in.

The suitable role that I best fit in is   the system analysis where I will analyze the requirements of the Army’s idea, then identifies issues or problem in it and provide a suitable solution. The role of system analysis is to identify , analysis requirements and also to ensure the requirements meet the need of the smart contact lenses idea [1]. The SWOT analysis help developing a strategic plan and to   know the current status and success of a business[2].. The SWOT analysis is based on the following factors;

•  

I have strength is analyzing the requirements of the systems. i have required skill .i have a diploma in software engineering.

•  

I have weakness of marketing.

•  

The use of IoT technologies will enable development of  effective application.

•  

There are existing competitors that are offering smart contact lenses services.

Question 2 -

1. Advise Amy on how best she can protect her intellectual property before she pitches her idea to potential investors.

      The common ways of protecting the intellectual properties includes;

•  

It refers as the exclusive right the government grants to an individual. The patent rights involve Make, use and sell of invention. The innovation or new idea must be protected [1].

• copy right.

It refers as the right the government grants to the author of literary or artistic work. The Amy’s idea will have the literature and artistic work that need to be protected from third parts to copy and claim it is their work [1].

• trade secret.

It refers as Confidential technological and commercial information. The Amy’s idea has processes, pricing, formula and specification that need to be protected because the idea is most important asset of the startup [1].

•  

It refers as the Distinctive mark, device, motto, implement company affixes to goods it produces. Any marks used by army must be registered under government so as other people should not claim to be theirs and thus any new idea require protection [1].

To protect army’s innovative idea there are some strategies that has to be employed such as filing the provisional patent, trade secret, trade mark and copyright application to protect the idea. Second she can use can use nondisclosure agreements.

Question 3.

1. What legal form of organization do you think is most appropriate in the given scenario? Explicitly state any assumptions that you make. (Hint: Succinctly discuss the pros and cons of the different forms of organizations and choose the best one for the situation)

    The common form of organization includes; partnership, sole proprietorship, LLC and corporations [1].

Sole proprietorship.

It refers as a business that is owned and operated by a single individual[1].

     Pros.

The pros for the sole proprietorship includes;

• It is simple to operate.
• The sole proprietorship has few legal restrictions.
• The owner has freedom of making decision.
• Taxation is done once.

Cons,

The cons for the sole proprietor includes;

• Owner usually faces unlimited liability for debts and other aspects of the business
• It may be difficult to find capital to fund growth of business
• Duration of business is limited to the life of the proprietor.

 

Partnership,

It refers as the association of two or more partners to carry on as co-owners of the business[2].

Pros.

The pros for the partnership  includes;

• Organizing the partnership business it is easy.
• Few legal restrictions.
• Permit pooling skills and financial strengths
• Income is taxed from the owner’s individual income tax form

Cons.

The cons for the partnership  includes;

• Divided decision-making process.
• Unlimited liability for partners debts (usually)

         Limited Liability Company (LLC) .It is similar to partnership[2].

Pros.

The  pros for the limited liability company  includes;

• Owners have limited personal liability for debts and actions
• There is no maximum number of members
• Income is taxed only once

Corporation

Owned by shareholders, a separate entity from its owners, therefore, the owners will not be held responsible for any financial hardships or lawsuits[2].

Pros.

The pros for the corporation includes;

• Shareholders usually have no liability beyond loss of the value of their stock
• Have “perpetual” life
• Easier to raise money, transfer ownership, and change management

Cons

The cons for the corporation includes;

• Income is taxed twice – corporate income tax & personal income tax .
• More difficult and expensive to organize.
• Subject to many state and federal controls

Partnership is the suitable legal form of organization according to the scenario. Army and investor can partner and pool resource together. It is easy to start partnership because it requires few legal documentations. As a new start up it doesn’t need a complex organization form that is difficult to start and manage

Question 4:

1. Come up with a suitable vision statement for your new organization. Identify at least two specific, long-term goals that support your vision, and break down one of the goals into at least two objectives and describe at least one strategy that you will use to achieve each objective.

Question 5

1. Discuss which of the different approaches to qualitative forecasting would you employ in this scenario and why.

The expert opinion approach assumes that some people have more knowledge than others about a certain topic so recruiting the right people will have required skills is very important in developing a project. The Experts Opinion approach to qualitative forecast it is the suitable approach for this scenario [1].

It involves employing experts in the specific field. The arm’s   recruited qualified engineers and engineering managers to help in design of the smart contact lenses. These engineers are qualified and have the required skilled to help complete the project smoothly. Having the right manpower helps to develop the effective application that meets the customer requirements. There are other existing approaches of qualitative forecasting and the suitable approach is the expert opinion approach.

Question 6.

1. Analyze the merits and demerits of Richard’s approach to leading his team. Discuss whether a trade-off can be achieved between Richard’s approach and the concerns of his team members, while maintaining their advantage over their competitors.

Merits.

Rapid delivery of the final product.

Few resource required.

Easy to manage.

Simple and clear.

Demerit.

Team members are frustrated and are not able to express their ideas.

Team members do not contribute to the idea because their no room of expression.

Only one person is left with decision making. The project can lead to stand still because decision making process is done by one person.

The Richard’s approach   cannot achieve the trade-off because team members’ participation leads to quick delivery of the project. The agile methodology supports involvement of team member and working together where each team member is assign a task

Concerns.

Richard is a dictator, He dictates everything. He need to involve other team members.

There is need to ensure team work.

The team member should be provided with room of expression.

1. What are some ways in which the team can be motivated to do their best and what HR strategies could be applied to the employees who are unhappy? What are some ethical issues associated with Lucy potentially leaving and joining a competitor?

Ways of motivating the team.

Involving the team members in every part of developing. This help moral boost and enable team member to be active.

Provide them incentive. Every love to be reward so providing them with incentive it encourages them.

Provide each team member with the role to play. Assigning team member with a role to play make them to participate actively in the project.

HR strategies.

The HR strategies that will be applied to unhappy employees will include;

• Organizing get together parties.
• Rewarding employees for better performances.
• paying for overtime.
• Providing employees with off work days.
• Provide competitive salaries
• Provide promotion opportunities.
• Ensure effective and transparent communication.
• enforcing employees wellbeing at work.
• Provide freedom of creativity.

Ethical issues.

Frustrations at work place Lucy is frustrated and she cannot work

No freedom of expression at work place. No team member is able to express his or her idea freely .

Also Richards is a dictator he wants things to be done on his ways. He doesn’t need challengers.

Richard is an unethical leader and acts acts unethically to team members.

The working place is toxic due to Richard behave of not providing team member chances to express themselves.

Richard discriminates team members.

There are unrealistic and conflicting goals and objective.

Question 7.

1. Develop a product lifecycle for UCSmartEye stating the different activities to be undertaken at each stage of the lifecycle.

The development of the application has to undergo product life cycle stage  as stated by Sommerville [4].The product life cycle for the UCSSmartEye includes;

Identifying customer needs.

The problem are made evident through basic research.There is need to identify customer needs of the smart contact lenses. The requirements of the smart contact lenses are collected and analyzed to ensure they meet the requirement of the smart contact lense.

Product planning.

Planning is the initial stage of the product lifecycle. The resources, time or the budget are planned at this stage. The market analysis; feasibility study, advanced product planning (product, selection, specification, and plan acquisition plan-research/design/production/evaluation plan, product use and logistic support plan); planning reviewing; proposal

Product research.

This stage involves finding the gaps of the smart contact lenses and provide the solution to ensure army’s idea is complete and fully functional. Basic research, applied research (need oriented); research methods; results of research; evaluation from basic research to product design and development.

Product design.

This involves transferring the requirements of the idea into design requirement to ensure the requirements are captured. The design requirements include; conceptual designs, preliminary system design, detailed design, design support, engineering model/prototype development, transition from design to production.

Production.

This stage involves implementation of the smart contact lenses. Production or contraction requirements includes; industrial engineering and operations analysis (plant engineering, manufacturing engineering, method engineering, production control, quality control, production operation)

Evaluation.

The application will be evaluated to ensure it meets the requirements of the customers. Evaluation requirement includes categories of test and evaluation, test preparation phase, formal test, evaluation, data collection, analysis, reporting and correction action, retesting  

Customer use.

This involves deploying the smart contact lenses to its customers to use in different fields. Customer use involves product distribution and operational use, elements of logistics and life cycle maintenance support, product evaluation, modification, product phase-out, material disposal, reclamation and recycling.

1. Which of the new product strategies would you recommend for launching the product? Give justifications for your reason?

New product strategies.

The new product strategies include;

• First-to market.

               Demands major expenditures in research before there are any guarantee of success.

• Follow-the leader.

             As soon as a competitor have research success that could lead to a product, the firm joins the race and tries to introduce the product as an

             innovator

• Me-too.

              It means copying designs from others, buying or leasing technology, concentrating on being the minimum-cost producer

• Application engineering.

            The application engineering is the recommend the new product strategy for launching the product because it involves taking the

             established product and producing it in forms particularly well suited to costumers’ needs.

Justification.

The application engineering it the suitable recommendation for the new product strategy .it is effective new product strategies that best fit due to its applicability. It also requires understanding   costumers’ needs and flexibility in production.

Question 8.

1. Determine the objective function of the above optimization problem.

X is the denoted  UCRoboLens and Y  denoted UCNYTEye.

X and values are plotted to obtain the line of best fit p.

Y and X is the line of the best fit to determine the objective function p.

Optimum Solution: P = 620, with 20 units of product X and 30 units of product Y per day .

1. Using linear programming determine the number of units of UCRoboLens and UCNYTEye to be produced so that profit is maximized.

Maximum profit P=700 with 35 units.

1. Provide a graphical representation of your solution.

The graphical representation.

References.

1. Morse, C .,Lucy. and Babcock, L, Daniel. 2013.Managing Engineering and Technology, 6th Edition. Prentice Hall.
2. A. Taylor,  and S.A., Neslin, 2005. The current and future sales impact of a retail frequency reward program. Journal of Retailing, 81(4), pp.293-305.
3. W,Satzinger, , R., B.  Jackson and  , S., D. Burd2016. System Analysis and Design in  A changing World ,6^thEdition, Boston Course Technology.
4. Sommerville, 2016, Software engineering (10^thEd.).University of St Andrews, Scotland: Pearson.

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