EECU122 Civil Engineering

Introduction

The industry of the construction has been undergoing profound changes structurally on a global scale. The construction industry perception, stricter and new requirement for the protection of the environment which basically takes into consideration of the efficiency of energy, increased historical and cultural heritage attention alongside adaption to the needs of the modern society. Building Information Modeling or BIM basically refers to a process which is responsible for the provision  of engineering, architecture as well as Construction  the effective tools for efficient planning , designing , construction as well as management of the infrastructure and the buildings in general.

Objectives

• This particular project focuses on the development of the residential units in the reclaimed  brown field  for the use by the respective clients.
  
  

Part A

About The Building

The proposed apartment building is basically a multi floor structure. The structure is basically oriented in east-west direction. Each of the apartments has been assigned of a 6m² windows on the wall facing the south direction. As shared in the diagram.

Impacts of Construction to the Environment

There are various environment impacts associated with use of land, system plan as well as construction sector. Nearly all the issues concerning the development by the construction sector needs a proper permission in planning.

A given site biodiversity may be faced by developmental devastation and the extraction of mineral for the sector of construction. A broad natural conservation plans as well as designation of area have been advanced to conserve habitats (Mohajerani et al.2019).

Some of the practices related to construction have major impacts on the transportation mobility. Some pressure may be applied on the neighboring uses as well as road network found locally by activities such as quarrying. Moreover, the developments which are completed as well as their how they relate with various uses of land influencing travel propensity as well as choice of modal. These factors however, can influence levels of used energy together with emissions evolved as well as the pollution issues.

The relationship between natural environment as well as built environment equally has a major impact on the hydrological cycle. The general impact on intensification of agriculture as well as urban expansion has surpassed the land capacity to infiltrate rainfall levels that is exceptional. On that particular time, the precipitation intensity has increased tremendously, concentrated as well as having some errors because of the change in climate globally.The building design as well as spatial planning together with the landscapes in addition plays an important role in infiltrating the new peaks of rainfall and thereby minimizing stress on drainage systems which are engineered to the specification as well as systems of river.

As the above category gives a proper framework to highlight the issues, some of the issues may factored in isolation, and therefore, proper consideration should be provided to various interactions as well as relationships found between:

• Water, air and land media;
• The external as well as internal environment;
• The global, regional as well as local issues brought by specific activities;
• Changes concerned with behavior for example patterns of traffic and some secondary effects.

 
Economic Impact Of Construction

Formation Of Capital

The complete usage of production factors is a description of a productive capacity of an economy; this involves the total utilization of production factors, for example labor and capital. Therefore, the productive power shows the general economic national output for a long period of time. The national output fixed amount change in accordance to variation in total stock capital. For expansion or growth of an economy there must an investment in stock capital that is human as well as physical resources. Various scholars have conducted a research on the theory of economy; some came up with economic growth model, net investment (I), this may be defined as the capital stock change (, is vital for economic growth. Moreover, putting resources in machinery, new factories, materials and equipment, economic infrastructure investments- electricity, roads, communication and others- equally improve the nation’s stock capital, thereby enlarging the level of national output. Allocating money in economic infrastructure normally supplement various physical capital (Marinova et al.2020).   

Various factors of production productivity can also be increased by improving infrastructure. That is, installation of an irrigation scheme can raise the farm land quality, thereby improving the productivity and hence shifting the curve of production possibility outward.   

National Income

Just like other economic activities construction is also a contributor to national income by adding value or generating income. Value addition in construction equal to total value output at the prices of the producer minus current industry’s purchases value from various sectors. Therefore value added is defined as he sum wages as well as salaries of employees, interest on capital borrowed, profit, net rent and allowances subject to depreciation.

The strategies of development within the construction sector are majorly concentrated on the plans to remove constraints of production factors in the industry these may include materials, labor, technology as well as capital. Creational of an institutional atmosphere that promotes a competitive environment for conducting business in a more efficient construction sector is equally a policy recommendation. At the level of the macro-economy, interest rate as well as monetary policies is required to manage distortions in prices factor, the availability of foreign exchange limits for the acquisition of inputs imported and related factors like rates of foreign exchange as well as import tariffs. Moreover, financial policies in correlation to government expenditure and taxes imposed on public works in the construction sector are targeting the improvement of employment as well as stabilizing activities of construction.

Alternative Methods Of The Constructions

Steel Framing

The construction industry has been utilizing steel material for quite some time. There are basically two types of the steel work to be used. “Cold-rolled steel” and “Hot rolled steel”. In this particular project, it would be possible to use steel materials for the construction as an alternative material of the construction. In this case, the individual frames of the steel would be assembled piece by piece thereby resulting into the formation of a skeleton structure of the building. Compared to the structure that has already been proposed, the main difference here will be reduction in the quantity of the required customization. As for the case of the steel component applications, it will be possible to precisely size the same during the site production. In other words, there would be requirement of very little work in the site.

Similarly, there is a characteristic higher level of flexibility with the process of the design as opposed to the frames of the platform in case the steel frames would be used for the construction of this particular structure. This is due to the fact that the materials of the steel will allow for the effective spacing between the studs which are vertically spaced. Also it will be characterized with very larger open spans.

Other Methods Of The Construction

Although stone, brick or concrete has been used as a standalone method of the construction, another alternative method of the construction will involve the use of a layer of the bricks jointly with the wood frames. Or the stone will be added to the wood frames as a veneer. There will be use of the layers of the compressed blocks of the earth as for the case of the rammed earth construction so as to firm a structure in the form of home

Government Policies

In the context of the UK government, there are several regulations which have been put in place  to be used as the statutory instruments which ensure that all the policies which have been put in place  are basically implemented or adhered to. Fir most of the activities of the construction,  the regulation approval of the building is usually required.

Compliance and approved documents: Despite the fact that building regulations are never meant to stifle the processes of the innovation, the requirement of the compliance in regard to the construction process in the brown filed field were just too procedural and time consuming. This basically would be regarded as a constraint to the process (Marani and Nehdi 2019).

Preparation of the site of the resistance to moisture and contaminants: This particular regulation has been advocating for the fact that nothing should be allowed at all to grow on the ground which is under the building’s coverage. A lot of the precaution had to be taken to ensure tat dangerous substances as well as gases from the previous use of the land were stopped from getting into the structure where they might eventually endanger the safety and health of the occupants if the building. Part of the activity implemented here was inclusion of the subsoil drainage to stop ground moisture passage to the building’s interior. This would be in line of Part C of the UK government building and construction regulations.

Part B

Justification Of The Selected Or Choice Of The Material

Concrete material: The strength of the concrete material for the construction guided the choice of the same as for this particular building exercise. Considering that concrete is a mixture of the aggregate and water plus cement, it implied that it can potentially support greater weight particularly when eventually reinforced with the panel of the steel.

Effectiveness of Using BIM

In this particular project, BIM has played an important role in the facilitation of the development of the residential apartments. A strategic role was played was played by BIM/CAD in the design and engineering execution. The platform of the BIM used in this particular project was the Autodesk 60 which is basically capable of providing an access to the storage. Also the areas of the quality assurance, quality surveying and quality control were all achieved by the means of BIM.

Material Research

Explanation and justification of the Alternative construction method: As improvement version, insulating concrete which are commonly referred to as ICFs. In the case of the applications of the Insulating Concrete forms, they would be made through concrete pouring in between the rigid panels that are manufactured from the foam of polystyrene. Internally, there could be use of rebar to provide additional strength while the exterior panels just remain in place upon setting of the concretes.

How Proposal Design Met The Requirements Or Policies Of The Government:

The use of the lining for the construction as a mechanism of curbing fire spread actually were in line with the government policy of Requirement B2 which falls under the category of Fire Safety. Also Requirement B4 was complied with which basically roof and external walls will stop the spread of fire to the other buildings and the walls itself.

Conclusion

Any building is known to be sensitive to the conservation of the energy. An estimated that energy usage in the construction, which includes direct as well as indirect activities, is totaling to about 50% of energy consumed nationally. Planning on land usage can bring a significant impact to use of energy through proper design as well as building sites as the sites of development started by the client and constructed by the industry is majorly influenced by the right procedures of planning. But the achievement of development in connection with its acceptability in modification as well as interaction with the local natural as well as built environment may not be fulfilled entirely by measures put in place. This particular project has been done in a manner that embraces both safety and conservation of energy.

References

Marani, A. and Nehdi, M.L., 2019. Integrating phase change materials in construction materials: Critical review. Construction and Building Materials, 217, pp.36-49.

Marinova, S., Deetman, S., van der Voet, E. and Daioglou, V., 2020. Global construction materials database and stock analysis of residential buildings between 1970-2050. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, p.119146.

Mohajerani, A., Burnett, L., Smith, J.V., Kurmus, H., Milas, J., Arulrajah, A., Horpibulsuk, S. and Abdul Kadir, A., 2019. Nanoparticles in construction materials and other applications, and implications of nanoparticle use. Materials, 12(19), p.3052.

Mohajerani, A., Vajna, J., Cheung, T.H.H., Kurmus, H., Arulrajah, A. and Horpibulsuk, S., 2017. Practical recycling applications of crushed waste glass in construction materials: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 156, pp.443-467.

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