HPS111 Introduction to Psychology: Human Behaviour

Introduction

 A sound sleep is extremely important for an individual health. It is as important as eating healthy food and exercise is important for an individual. Sleep plays a vital role in memory, in both the context before and after learning a fresh task (Healthy sleep, 2021). It has a strong link with a body weight. A person who is not taking appropriate sleep tend to gain more wait as compared to a person who is taking sound sleep. A study conducted, that adults and children with poor sleep were 89% and 55 % more likely to develop obesity (Leech, 2020). A study report, that sleep aids in learning and memory in two clear forms. A person who is sleeping cannot pay focus and not able to learn efficiently. Sleep plays a vital role in learning and acquit ion of new information (Healthy sleep, 2021). This paper will argue whether sleeping enhance the learning and retention of a new information.

Sleeping is important for a healthy life for every well- being. It is a well- known to accomplish a task efficiently it is essential to take a sound sleep. An individual who takes a sound sleep, consumes less calories. A study report, that sleep deprived people tend to intake more calories. It also imbalances hormone, reduces leptin level in body which represses appetite (Fletcher, 2019). A sound sleep has a direct impact on performance of an individual.

Sleeping helps in enhancing learning and retention of new information. A research conducted to find out whether sleep impacts in accession of new restriction and their combination into the speech- production system (Gaskell, et al., 2014). Participants were asked to repeat sequences of syllables. In which 48 sequences, participants had taken 90min short sleep or remained awake. To examine restrictions in learning participants repeated 96 sequences. It was found that sleep group members made speech errors at the test but wake group members did not made errors. In addition, sleep group observe their learning into new materials (Gaskell, et al., 2014).

It helps in enhancing learning and retention of a new languages as a recent study shows that inducing such persuading procedure by manifestation to memory cues during sleep increases foreign vocabulary learning (Schreiner, & Rasch, 2017). It is well- known that sleep and memory share a compound relationship. If a person takes enough rest it helps in processing new information. Once a person is awake and sleeps after learning can merge the information into memories, which permits to store information in brain. A study report, that if a person is not sleeping or taking enough sleep, can make a person incapable or lower learning capabilities by 40% (Pacheco, 2020).

It is beneficial for recalling any fresh learning just taking sleep after learning. A research conducted to that 207 students who were habitual of taking sleep for once in six hours every night. Participants were fortuitously allotted to find out declarative semantically related or unrelated words in morning or at night. Declarative memory means capability of remembering facts, events and which can be shamsed down into episodic memory. Semantic memory is the memory which stores facts about the world. Generally, people use both types of memory in their everyday life. In study it was found that memory overall was better after a night of sleep as compared to a day without sleep. However, a difference was found in performance in study for unrelated words. No difference was found in sleep- awake performance in study of related words. It was found that memories were better when short sleep was taken after learning, instead of not taking sleep full day. It was found that sleeping just after learning anything latest is beneficial for memory (Science daily, 2012).

Sleeping and memory has strong relationship from its past evidences. At the time of old age episodic memory performance and related neural activity decreases. All changes take place in relation of age factor which reduces in sleep quality. Bad quality of sleep-in older adult may be a reason of bad memory in older people. It is also associated with factor of socio- economic factor as black adults tend to have poor sleep as compared to white adults. In a study samples were collected from older and younger adults and tested about habitual sleep with the help of wrist- worn accelerometer for 1 week. In the assessment electroencephalography was noted as they performed an episodic memory task to find out the effect of habitual sleep on memory- related neural oscillations. It was noted that it increases fluctuations sleep quality was linked with bad memory performance, especially older adults. In addition, it was found that black participants shown higher behaviour changes in sleep than white participants. It has found that higher behaviour changes in sleep are greatly linked with reduction in memory- related neural activity in black participants (Hokett, & Duarte, 2019).

The impact of sleep on learning and memory. It is well- known that staying awake full night for studying is one of the common customs among students. A report study, that almost 20% of students stay awake all night for one time in a month (Cappello, 2021). Another research conducted almost 35% of students stay up in the morning for one time in a week (Cappello, 2021).  Staying up all night for studies is one of the worst practices that students follow for their grades. A study conducted to found the interconnection between sleep and test scores. It was found that the students who slept less at night they scored less in their test.  Sleep is important for test scores. It was found that students perform better when they are not physically or mentally tired. In research it was found that sleep effects students more than the students ability perform good: it helps in improving their ability to learn, memorize, recall, and ability to use their fresh knowledge to solve problems creatively (Cappello, 2021).

 This was the reason to score better in test. When a person learns facts and information, many of the times what a person learns is usually stored in a region of brain for temporarily purpose in hippocampus. It is hypothesized, by scientists that like other storage areas hippocampus also has certain level of capacity of storing. If, someone will try to store more, than a person will not be able store more information if storage is full. It is also hypothesized, that sleep, specially stages2 and 3 sleep, helps in replenishing a person capability to learn. In a research study conducted, in which total 44 participants took participant in session of learning, it took twice in a day at noon or at 6:00 P.M.  Among all of them half group of people were asked to take nap in between of the session and other people took part in standard activities.

The researchers found, that the group of people who took nap were able to learn effectively as compared to another group who have not taken nap (Cappello, 2021). However, it was found that great decrease was found in learning capability in group of people who didn’t took nap. It is one of the facts of which human beings are unknown, that an interval of one full night will help in highly improve the capability of memory. In a study, it was found that sleep helps in memory retention and recall by between 20 and 40 percent (Cappello, 2021).

Conclusion

A sound is essential for every human being to carry on daily life activities. It is a vital natural function of human body which can impact other activities of human life. It is also affecting human diet and health. Improper sleep contributes to weight gain. It has a direct link with a performance of an individual. It helps in retention and learning of new information. Learning just sleep after helps in learning any new information. In addition, whether it is short nap it is directly linked with the performance of an individual. It helps in retention of new languages. It was found that there is strong link with sleep and memory. Going for sleep shortly after learning new material is most beneficial for recall. In study it was found that memory overall was better after a night of sleep as compared to a day without sleep. However, a difference was found in performance in study for unrelated words. No difference was found in sleep- awake performance in study of related words.

References

Cappello, K. (2021). The impact of sleep on learning and memory. https://www.med.upenn.edu/csi/the-impact-of-sleep-on-learning-and-memory.html

Fletcher, J. (2019). Why sleep is essential for health. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325353

Gaskell, M. G., Warker, J., Lindsay, S., Frost, R., Guest, J., Snowdon, R., & Stackhouse, A. (2014). Sleep underpins the plasticity of language production. Psychological Science, 25(7), 1457-1465.

Healthy sleep. (2021). Sleep, learning and memory. https://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/benefits-of-sleep/learning-memory#:~:text=Research%20suggests%20that%20sleep%20helps,essential%20for%20learning%20new%20information.

Hokett, E., & Duarte, A. (2019). Age and race-related differences in sleep discontinuity linked to associative memory performance and its neural underpinnings. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 13, 176.

Leech, J. (2020). Why good sleep is important? https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-reasons-why-good-sleep-is-important

Pacheco, D. (2020). Memory and sleep. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/memory-and-sleep#:~:text=Getting%20enough%20rest%20helps%20you,store%20them%20in%20your%20brain.

Schreiner, T., & Rasch, B. (2017). The beneficial role of memory reactivation for language learning during sleep: A review. Brain and language, 167, 94-105.

Science daily. (2012). Learning best when you rest: sleeping after processing new info most effective. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120323205504.

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