NURS2015 Contemporary Issues in Nursing

The black and minority ethnic population is seen to be neglected all over the world. The situation is similar in case of the healthcare system of the United kingdoms. This population is seen to experience overall poor health and further face barriers in attaining healthcare services (Peek et al. 2011). The gap is seen to be wide in case of the health of the minority and the majority population in the UK. The countries such as UK are seen to be facing this issue of the growth of the ethnic communities and the linguistically diverse communities wherein the support could not be provided as required. The is an utter need to close the gap of this healthcare differences and to provide all of the population with high quality care despite their cast, creed, ethnicity and race (Leung, and Stanner, 2011).  The population of black an ethnically diverse people is large and the numbers are increasing each day. The census of 2001 mentioned that there is 4.6 million people who belong to the BME population. Which is 7.9 percent of the total population. There is documentation of about 1.15 million people who are black (Annandale et al. 2007). This population is of the ethnically minor people is more youthful in case of age when compared to the white population of the country. This indicates that the growth of this population would remain constant over many years.

It is seen that there is a slow monitoring as well as implementation of the data of the minority and the ethnic population. There are a number of disparities of access of the services for this ethnically diverse population. Cases of chronic illnesses and long-term illnesses are also seen to be higher in case of a number of BME groups. In case of the data of UK, the data of this ethnically diverse groups of population and the data of disparities in the healthcare quality is not integrated and therefore the results are not as expected (Rimmer, 2020). This poor implementation of the data monitoring the ethnic population in the NHS helps in concluding that it is not possible to develop an overview of the disparities present in the accessibility of the healthcare services or to monitor these trends on the national level.

In nursing, cultural competence is an important aspect in providing care. It stands for providing care to patients that meets the needs of patients which are linguistically, culturally and socially diverse (Govere, and Govere, 2016). The nursing care is nondiscriminatory and thus does not discriminate patients according to the cast, creed or color and provide proper equitable services to them. The duty of equality was enacted in the year 2011 under 149^th section of the act of equality (Annandale et al. 2007). This act was developed and implemented to help all the organizations practice an provide services that are equitable and non-discriminatory and further promote competency in forms of culture. Working according to the culture and its context relating to the patient while respecting their thoughts and beliefs is a practice that is trying to be promoted and practiced for a long time and the endeavor is still ongoing (Dayer-Berenson, L., 2014). This process required appropriate knowledge regarding the different cultures, proper skill to execute the knowledge, the desire to implement competence and basic awareness of the issue (Mareno, N. and Hart, P.L., 2014). It is seen that there is a general lack of knowledge in nurses regarding the training and skill required to implement cultural competency in practice (Govere, and Govere, 2016). One of the basic requirements to implement this change into the basic working of nurses is the feeling of consideration and respect toward the patient. The prior experience for working with culturally diverse population can help the nurse to understand the basic requirements of the patient coming from different cultural backgrounds (McClimens, Brewster, and Lewis, 2014). The background of the nurse is further important as it can be a driving force to initiate effective communication. The perspective of the environment of care and the patient’s perspective is further to be kept into consideration. The SCAN health plan was introduced to address the cultural competency. It was used to understand the effect of culture and thoughts and perception of the patient onto their health and wellbeing. The cultural background of the patient may affect their interest their thoughts and communication with the healthcare. The status of their interpersonal relationships, any occurrence of recent trauma and their arrangements of living can further affect their conditions of health. In order to experience and show the respect toward the varied culture by respecting their lifestyle, behaviors of health and the incidence of the disease in a community. The basic thoughts and long held beliefs of a person from a particular community may be hard to change such as the practices of weight management, use of tobacco which can be critical determinants of health. Therefore, while addressing these aspects as well, the healthcare professionals must consider the cultural beliefs of the patient. The indication of EHCR mentions that considering the nationality, the behavior and the cultural beliefs of the people according to their birthplace, before their migration is important to consider for developing an effective communication with the patient. Any practice considering the practice of any discrimination which is done unlawfully is discouraged according to the NHS Race Relations Amendment Act 2000 (Exten-Wright, and Hannon, 2001). According to this act all the hospitals need to record the cultural background of all the patients who have been admitted. This practice helps in identifying any disparities in any practice which is centered around cultural practice. The barriers that are present in development of culturally competent practice includes behaviors relating to the institution, assumptions which are unexplored, any confusion about the goals and resistance which may be observed from the staff (Coleman, 2020). The attitude of patients which are racist in individuals who are associated with healthcare are one of the most crucial barriers when it comes to cultural competency for patients. In spite of the notions of liberation relating to the tolerance there is huge gaps of development of cultural competence in the field of nursing and basic healthcare (Govere, and Govere, 2016).

In order to address these gaps and issues with the cultural competency in the healthcare service of the United Kingdom, the department of education and other bodies have employed different methods to help achieve the goal of cultural competence (Horvat et al. 2014). One of the goals in to train the healthcare population about the necessity of competence according to varied culture of different migrants who are present in the country. They must understand the need and the requirement of being culturally competent. They must further understand the health benefits that can be achieved by being culturally competent, compassionate and by being respectful to the cultural beliefs of people belonging to other communities. The training sessions can draw up references of events that have been beneficial in such respect (Young, 2016). Incorporation of this education into their practice and further evaluation as well as reflection would further enhance the practice into the healthcare professionals and would help it to be further integrated into the system (Horvat et al. 2014). Nursing cultural frameworks and models when integrated into nursing practices help in allowing the nurses to adequately implement the concepts of various cultures into the care plans. Language is another common barrier when it comes to cultural competency (Ali, and Watson, 2018). Knowledge of other cultures therefore can be effectively valuable. The use of translators can further be encouraged to enhance communication between the patient and the care provider or while conversing with the family of the patient (Harrison et al. 2020). Respecting the cultural values while handling the family of the patient is another common issue that is often faced. Therefore, the cultural competence should thereby be followed even while conversing with the family of the patient. This practice with transcultural patient help nurses in effectively practicing cultural as well as the health assessment skills which can be used in prevention of offensive practice while dealing with migrant patients (Johnson, Scammell, and Serrant‐Green, 2013).

Development of a culturally diverse nursing staff is crucial in hospitals and care facilities especially staff who are well versed in various languages which can help in effectively bypassing the barriers in communication with the culturally as well as the linguistically diverse population . In addition to this the data monitoring should be effective and the tools and plans of actions against the monitored data should further be in line with the data itself. This would help in better implementation as well as monitoring of the cultural diversity in the healthcare system of the country. The use of consumers in the development of translated materials that are culturally appropriate and comprehensive according to language can also be developed to overcome the barrier.

The above paragraphs help conclude that the health status of the migrant and the black population is poor and required special emphasis and recognition. The biggest barrier to achieving this goal is the culturally incompetent staff. There needs to be the development of a diverse but inclusive staff of the healthcare facilities to help provide effective and culturally safe care to the patients.

References

Ali, P.A. and Watson, R., 2018. Language barriers and their impact on provision of care to patients with limited English proficiency: Nurses' perspectives. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(5-6), pp.e1152-e1160.

Annandale, E., Harvey, J., Cavers, D. and Dixon-Woods, M., 2007. Gender and access to healthcare in the UK: a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature. Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice, 3(4), pp.463-486.

Coleman, T., 2020. Anti-racism in nursing education: Recommendations for racial justice praxis. Journal of Nursing Education, 59(11), pp.642-645.

Dayer-Berenson, L., 2014. Cultural competencies for nurses: Impact on health and illness. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Exten-Wright, J. and Hannon, J., 2001. Impact of the Race Relations (Amendment) Act. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 7(9), pp.363-364.

Govere, L. and Govere, E.M., 2016. How effective is cultural competence training of healthcare providers on improving patient satisfaction of minority groups? A systematic review of literature. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 13(6), pp.402-410.

Harrison, R., Walton, M., Chitkara, U., Manias, E., Chauhan, A., Latanik, M., & Leone, D. 2020. Beyond translation: Engaging with culturally and linguistically diverse consumers. Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 23(1), 159–168.

Horvat, L., Horey, D., Romios, P. and Kis‐Rigo, J., 2014. Cultural competence education for health professionals. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (5).

Johnson, S., Scammell, J. and Serrant‐Green, L., 2013. Degrees of success: Safeguarding an ethnically diverse nursing workforce in nursing education. Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 3(S1), pp.321-345.

Leung, G. and Stanner, S., 2011. Diets of minority ethnic groups in the UK: influence on chronic disease risk and implications for prevention. Nutrition Bulletin, 36(2), pp.161-198.

Mareno, N. and Hart, P.L., 2014. Cultural competency among nurses with undergraduate and graduate degrees: Implications for nursing education. Nursing Education Perspectives, 35(2), pp.83-88.

McClimens, A., Brewster, J. and Lewis, R., 2014. Recognising and respecting patients' cultural diversity. Nursing Standard, 28(28).

Peek, M.E., Wagner, J., Tang, H., Baker, D.C. and Chin, M.H., 2011. Self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination in healthcare and diabetes outcomes. Medical care, 49(7), p.618.

Rimmer, A., 2020. Covid-19: Disproportionate impact on ethnic minority healthcare workers will be explored by government.

Young, K., 2016. Working towards widening participation in nurse education. British Journal of Nursing, 25(2), pp.112-116.

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