MAN5902 Business System Analysis

Introduction

System analysis and design (SAD) is wide term for describing the methodologies to develop the information system combining information technology, data and people to support the business requirements. SAD technique could be used for creating any type of system (Lukosch, Bekebrede, Kurapati & Lukosch, 2018). However, there exist development methodologies that could be followed that would assist the IT professional in developing along with enhancing systems. Development methodology cold be thought of as roadmap. The development methodology IT professional guidelines to take the system from the conception through the implementation. SAD is the process for examining business situation with intent to improve this through much better methods along with procedures. SAD helps to shape the organizations, improve performances along with achieve objectives for the growth along with profitability (Wagner, Rind, Thür & Aigner, 2017). Aim of SAD is identifying business requirements for providing IS solutions which fit business environment as well as address identified requirements.

Impact Of Service- Dominant Logic (s-d) Approach On Requirements Analysis

S-D approach is the alternative theoretical framework to explain value creation by exchange between actors’ configurations. This is mindset for unified understanding of nature as well as purpose of the organizations, society and markets. S-D approach’s foundational proposition is that society, markets and organizations are concerned fundamentally with service’s exchange. S-D approach embraces the concepts of value-in-use along with co-creation of the value instead of embedded value concepts and value-in-exchange of the G-D logic. S-D logic’s underlying idea is humans apply competences for benefitting others along with benefit from applied competences of others through the service-for-service exchange (Brust, et al., 2017). S-D approach focuses upon services an intangibles as key interest in exchange, could dramatically alter organizations’ culture, operations as well as whole strategic outlook for creating mutual benefits for the seller groups along with buyers. Objective to develop S-D logic is contributing understanding of the human value co-creation, with developing alternative to the traditional logics of exchange.

Recommended Practices, Activities And Methodologies

There are several methodologies, activities and practices of SAD which could increase the customer satisfaction.

• Traditional waterfall methodology: The approach views system from view of top-down. This is formalized step by step approach to system development lifecycle (SDLC) that includes activities or phases. One phase’ activities should be completed before moving into next phase. After completion of every phase or activity, milestone is reached and document is created for getting approval from the stakeholders before moving into next phase or activity (Read, Beanland, Lenné, Stanton & Salmon, 2017). This approach’s centre is process model that depicts system’s business process as well as primary model which presents processes is the data flow diagram.
• Agile methodology: This approach focuses on individual, instead of roles which are performed by people. This approach forgoes documentation, however initially is tough to adapt several nee facets to development model which confuse people. This approach attempts in capturing as well as using dynamics of the change inherent within development process of system. Accurate and complete requirement specification is demanded by the traditional methods before development, this approach presume change is not avoidable and must be embraced within development cycle of system (Michalos, Karvouniari, Dimitropoulos, Togias & Makris, 2018). All talents bring something distinct to development team. This approach promotes self-adaptative process of software development. Process used for developing system is expected in being refined as well as improved with time. This approach is really useful if the project includes dynamic or unpredictable requirements.
• Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD):This approach views system from view of bottom-up. This combines methods and data into objects. In information system, the objects could be contracts, suppliers, customers as well as rental agreements. Several models or diagrams are used for representing several views along with functionality of system. This approach is unified process as the models are used with system development’s specific method. OOAD’s goal is improving quality of system as well as productivity by making this more usable. This approach also incorporates inheritance’s use, this allows new classes’ creation which share existing classes’ characteristics (Haki, Blaschke, Aier & Winter, 2019). In analysis phase of this approach, there are use of object-oriented models for filling fap between problem and solution. Aim of this approach is transforming use cases in analysis model for realizing associated goals.
  
  

Stakeholders And Their Roles

Stakeholders are people having interest in system’s successful implementation. There are several stakeholders such as users, technical staff and clients in SAD. The users are those using system on daily basis. User should look for flow of information over functions or departments. Business operation users are people using system for performing daily operations of organization (Davis & Yen, 2019). Query users are people needing current data from system. Management users are people having responsible to see performance of the organization. Executive users are people interested within strategic issues along with daily issues. The executive users want data from system, so they could compare total improvements within resource utilization. Technical staff are people ensuring that system operates within organization’s computing environment. Guidance is provided by these people in areas like computer platform, programming language as well as other equipment. Client is group or person providing funding of project (Bullo & Lewis, 2019). In several cases, client is same group as executive users. Clients might be separate people or group like executives or board of trustees in parent company. Client on oversight or steering committee usually maintains the ongoing approval as well as release of the funds also.

Importance of User Participation and Involvement

User participation as well as involvement in field of development of information system is considered as crucial mechanism for enhancing system quality as well as ensure successful implementation of system. There are several models for user participation as well as involvement along with its impact upon user information system usage that have been tested explicitly. User participation along with involvement leads in increasing both system usage as well as user information satisfaction. Involvement would lead the users in developing system’s good understanding as well as this would be much better tailored to certain needs (Middlestead, 2017). Hence, they would be much more motivated in using system along with be much more gratified with this. There exist mixed results with respect to relationship among user information satisfaction and user involvement. User participation along with involvement would enhance the system usage as well as user information satisfaction is totally consistent with the theories of the decision making along with planned change within organization. User involvement might lead in improved quality of system along with increased acceptance of user, which is reflected within increased satisfaction with system. User involvement could be seen as necessary condition to decrease resistance as well as increase acceptance of the planned change (Pedrycz, 2018). User involvement would lead to user information satisfaction along with system usage. If the system use doesn’t fulfil needs of users, satisfaction would not increase as well as further use would be evaded.

Role of Systems Analyst

Systems analyst is professional of information technology (IT) who analyse, design along with implement information systems. Information systems’ suitability is assessed by system analysts with respect to intended outcomes as well as liaise with the end users, programmers and software vendors for achieving the outcomes. System analyst uses analysis as well as design techniques for solving the business problems with use of information technology. The system analysts might serve as the change agents identifying organizational improvements required, design systems for implementing such changes along with train as well as motivate others in using the systems (Sugiandi & Kerlooza, 2018). However, they don’t involve themselves within actual software or hardware development. They might be responsible to develop cost analysis, implement timelines and design considerations. System analysts are confined to given or assigned system as well as would work with business analyst. System analyst would evaluate along with modify code along with review scripting. System analyst might understand, identify along with plan for the human and organizational impacts of the planned systems as well as ensure new technical requirements are integrated properly with the existing skill sets and processes.

Identification of User Requirements

Design is innovative process fundamentally. Inappropriate user requirements are primary contributor in failure of project. Usability requirements could be viewed from two perspectives such as characteristics designed into product as well as extend to which product meets needs of user. Usability requirements must be integrated with other activities of systems engineering. Stakeholder classes or individual stakeholders having legitimate interest in system throughout life cycle should be identified (Akmaludin, Cahyadi, Kuswanto, Rahman, Sudradjat & Saputra, 2020). Scenarios could be used for analysing system’s operation in intended environment along with for identifying requirements which mightn’t have been specified by the stakeholders. Interaction between system and user should be identified. All functions should be defined that system is needed for performing along with how well system with the operators is needed for performing the function. Quality in use and technical measures should be defined which enable technical achievement’s assessment. Establishing usability requirements of high quality which could be tested gives foundation for mature approach for managing usability within development process (La Bella, 2017). Work domain analysis helps to represent constraints, means and goals in domain which define boundaries where people should reason as well as act.

Conclusion

Key in becoming successful within business is ability to collect, organize along with interpret information. SAD is proven methodology which helps businesses reap rewards to utilize information to full capacity. SAD is the method to study system with examining the component parts along with their interactions. SAD is active field where analysts learn several new approaches and techniques continually for developing systems more efficiently and effectively. As systems analyst, person with organization who is most involved with SAD, would enhance both interpersonal as well as computer skills. SAD’s major goal is improving the organizational systems. Application software is designed for supporting specific organizational process or function like market analysis, payroll or inventory management. Application software’s goal is turning data in information. Information SAD is process which is used by the organizations for creating along with maintaining information systems which performs business functions. SAD’s goal is improving organizational systems, through applying the software which could help the employees accomplish major business tasks much more efficiently and easily.

References

Akmaludin, A., Cahyadi, C., Kuswanto, H., Rahman, T., Sudradjat, A., & Saputra, E. P. (2020). Decision suppor for selection of system analyst in industry 4.0 generation era using: mcdm-ahp and promethee elimination methods. Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 11(10), 11306-11312.

Brust, L., Breidbach, C. F., Antons, D., & Salge, T. O. (2017, January). Service-Dominant Logic and Information Systems Research: A Review and Analysis Using Topic Modeling. In ICIS.

Bullo, F., & Lewis, A. D. (2019). Geometric control of mechanical systems: modeling, analysis, and design for simple mechanical control systems (Vol. 49). Springer.

Davis, W. S., & Yen, D. C. (Eds.). (2019). The information system consultant's handbook: Systems analysis and design. CRC press.

Haki, K., Blaschke, M., Aier, S., & Winter, R. (2019). A value co-creation perspective on information systems analysis and design. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 61(4), 487-502.

La Bella, L. (2017). Becoming a Systems Analyst. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.

Lukosch, H. K., Bekebrede, G., Kurapati, S., & Lukosch, S. G. (2018). A scientific foundation of simulation games for the analysis and design of complex systems. Simulation & gaming, 49(3), 279-314.

Michalos, G., Karvouniari, A., Dimitropoulos, N., Togias, T., & Makris, S. (2018). Workplace analysis and design using virtual reality techniques. CIRP Annals, 67(1), 141-144.

Middlestead, R. W. (2017). Digital communications with emphasis on data modems: Theory, analysis, design, simulation, testing, and applications. John Wiley & Sons.

Pedrycz, W. (2018). Granular computing: analysis and design of intelligent systems. CRC press.

Read, G. J., Beanland, V., Lenné, M. G., Stanton, N. A., & Salmon, P. M. (2017). Integrating human factors methods and systems thinking for transport analysis and design. CRC Press.

Sugiandi, A., & Kerlooza, Y. (2018, August). Competency Assessment Parameters for System Analyst Using System Development Life Cycle. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 407, No. 1, p. 012143). IOP Publishing.

Wagner, M., Rind, A., Thür, N., & Aigner, W. (2017). A knowledge-assisted visual malware analysis system: Design, validation, and reflection of KAMAS. Computers & Security, 67, 1-15.

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