Integrating Conceptual Framework Founded

Discuss about the Integrating Conceptual Framework Founded.

Introduction

Leadership is considered as the process in which an individual impact the individuals to gain a set objective by the organization. Leadership plays a vital role to attain the determine objective by mutual cooperation and cohesive behaviour. Leadership is not only the quality but it is considered as the behaviour of an individual towards followers. The modern workplace is amending and the seeking of business is enhanced to a challenging economic environment, there are so many approaches are applied in the business to amplify the productivity of the employee. The traditional leadership style of top down management is gradually developing into collaborative approach that sanctions employees and haze the lines between manager and employee. The traditional corporate approach defines the singular authority and the belief of them that their power obtains from their position of authority (Hackett and Wang, 2012). The collaborative leaders are the leaders of 21^st century that power is greatest in a collective team. They are able to involve each employee in the activity by motivating equal participation. The key competencies of the 21^st century leadership are inspire and motivates others, reflects high integrity and honesty, solve issues and analyze issues and build relationship. The key competencies of 21^st century leader are problem solving skills, critical thinking, communication, creative thinking and innovativeness.  The literature review will reflect the creativity and innovation as the key competencies of leader. There are various theories regarding leadership some of them will be elaborated in literature review for providing better understanding about the contemporary approaches of leadership. These theories are attribution theory, transactional leadership, transformational leadership and charismatic leadership. Attribution theory explains that in what manner people create casual explanations for behaviour and outcome and the reaction of casual explanations over the subsequent reactions. A charismatic leader discloses an inspiring mission of action which may be attractive to the potential followers. 21^st century leaders are charismatic and inspiring others in perfect manner. Transactional leadership defines the strategy of leaders in which the achiever of goals gets rewards from leader and on the other hand who are unable to achieve the target will get punishment (Crossman, 2010). It is vital for the manager to enhance the technology abilities of the group. Critical thinking of leader is essential in the organization that is why it is required for the leader to be capable in critical thoughts such as investigation and appraisals.The nature of transformational leadership is about the changing the performance of the business. It is attractive leadership style which promise higher level of motivation and commitment among followers by applying several mechanism. There are majorly three theories such as trait theories, behavioral theories and contingency theories. These theories have own measurement to evaluate the leadership skills of leader in particular organization. It is required for the 21^st leadership leaders to adapt major five capabilities such as visioning, analyzing, relating, inventing and enabling. There can be some possible causes which are liable of changes to leadership competencies (Ilies, Nahrgang & Morgeson, 2007). Every business has its own policy and procedures and environment and the affect of environment certainly influence the leadership style which may cause the amendment of leadership competencies. Every person has different nature and it is not possible that one leadership style and theory can be applicable to other in same manner that is why differentiation of personal experience and changes are being the reason of changing to leadership competencies. The literature review will reflect the critical analysis on the topic of 21^st century leadership.

There are various environmental forces and workplace trends that are determining the appearance of a new type of leader. It is required for the new type of business leadership to have up-to-date skills of management as well as business and this new type of leaders need to evaluate the deeper examine aim of work and the value of the products produced by company. They should be able to provide the efficient services to the employees of the company by providing them meaningful services. It has been evaluated that that this kind of new leaders might not be highly evident in the competitive world of today but the environmental pressure which seems the need of tomorrow. It has been stated by Howell & Shamir, (2005), that leadership is the ability to influence others to achieve the goals within time frame of the organization. The 21^st century leadership is more fundamental wisdom. These leaders’ fond opportunity everywhere and look for change in an appropriate manner. Effective leadership begins with an understanding of power. It is vital for the leaders to use power in an efficient manner and influence with followers and external constituencies. The relations between power and influence are strong. Power describes the ability to control behaviors and results in a given direction. It is usually accepted that leaders have four core sources of power. These are formal power, expert power, reward power and personality power. Formal power is considered as the legitimate power that comes from being appointed by the organization in to the position of leadership. Expert power in the 21^st century leadership is come from the specific knowledge and subject matter expert. Reward power is being used by the leader to reward and punish followers. It is used by leader to make followers recognize about their duties and responsibilities towards accomplish the task. Personality powers as the ability to influence the followers in an appropriate manager because it generates as per the liked and respected by the subordinates of the company.

There are various kinds of leadership theories which may influence the leadership skill in an appropriate manner. Behavioral leadership theory can be distinguished in to two dimensions along which leadership behaviors can be recognized and compared: executing structures and consideration. It has been argued by Brown, (2009), that a leader who shows an upper level of initiating structure is concerned with detailing task requirements and keep focus on delegating task as per ability to the followers and check the status of their working day to day. The behavioral theory seeks to describe the human behaviour by analyzing the consequences and background of the present environment. On the other hand trait theory of leadership is  recognizing the specific personality traits that differ leaders from non-leaders. the difference between both theories are that it is the belief of trait theory that leaders are born while behavioral theories assumes that leaders can be trained and handle situation as per their learned skills.

On the other hand it has been discussed by Dixon & Hart, (2010), that a leader who is most possessive and represents the high level of consideration is come under the zone of sensitive to the idea of employees. There is various kind of leadership style which has the ability to run the business by guiding the employees about their task so that they can understand exact what they are needed to do.

Leadership styles and its behaviour in USA are very attractive because American managers are the symbol of vitality and the audacity of the land of free business. The leaders of the USA are assertive, aggressive and task oriented. They are able to ready for change and make decision instantly in the favor of employees (Howell, et. al., 2007). Refinement and intellectuality is the major features of the leaderships are rewarded less than in USA than in Europe. It has been evaluated that the leadership style in Sweden is a democratic. Managers of the small size entities as well as huge organization have achieved managerial success by subtle self-effacement. In country of Asia, the value of culture is dominating the organization, structure and behaviour of Eastern enterprises. In the country of china, the Chinese model was run by the men of higher education and morality rather than those purely of greater birth. It has been analyzed that the most of the Japanese companies is considered the classic models of Confucian theory which involves the blind faith on the leaders. It has been understood while researching that different county has difference culture and concepts of leadership styles (Vokoun, 2007).

It has been mentioned in this image that the required leadership skill for 21^st century is communicating skill, collaborating skills, analytical thinking, problem solving attitude, finding and evaluating information and creating and innovating skills. These are essential components which keeps lot of importance in the organization. The major key competency factor of 21^st leadership is creativity and innovation. Creativity is able to generate new ideas and vies to bring the changes within an organization. Innovation is considered as the implementation of that creativity. Creativity is the back support of innovation and incorporates to look things with different perspectives so that new ideas could generate (Proctor, 2014).

There is some example of leaders of 21^st century who provided that analytical thinking and problem solving attitude is vital to run the business (Lliops, 2015). Jeff Bezos is found as number one leader in all over the world who is CEO and founder of Amazon.com Howard Schultz is the CEO of Starbucks who have ability to run the business in an efficient manner and due to its leadership skill, he has opened various branches of Starbucks in all over the world. Along with that there are some leaders such as Barack Obama, Narendra Modi, Pope Francis and many more who have leadership skills with efficient manner because these leaders are the major example of success of leadership in the context of country. The tools for working of leadership are information literacy and ICT literacy. In the context of information literacy, leadership access and evaluate information in an appropriate manner. After that they use and manage the information for improving the condition of the entity. It has been analyzed that the 21^st century leaders are willing to adapt the new technology for bringing the change in the world and seek for innovative ideas and implement them within an organization with training so that employees of the company can get better understanding about the new technology (Eisenbeiss,  Knippenberg  & Boerner, 2008). ICT literacy tools consists new innovative ideas and ways of thinking by applying these leaders can do more innovative things in proper manner. The decision of leaders in the context of improving the condition of the organization is based on ethically and legally (Ayman & Korabik, 2010). There can be some major factor which may influence the key competencies of leadership such as demographic changes, learning and development activities, increased competition, age and maturity and various personal and emotional experiences. Due to these factors, it is necessary for the leader to analyze the current situation of the organization and enhance the knowledge and understanding about these factors to motivate the employees.

The impact of globalization on world economic development can be distinguished into global markets, changes in world trade, effect on employment, industrial effects, environmental effects, corporation changes and technological effects. These factors may impact the leadership style of the particular place because due to amendments in the policy and structure of the country can influence the leading role of the leaders (Nicolae, Ion and Nicolae, 2013).

It has been evaluated that there is a crisis of leadership. It is the graph which is reflected the gap in trust in institutions and trust in leadership. It can be seen by above mentioned graph that globally people believe in business and their leadership style. Specific countries such as China, US, India, Germany and France has mentioned in the image with the rate of trust of people over the business. On the other hand, it has been evaluated that the trust of people on the government in bigger in comparison of business and globally it has found that it is 41%.

Adams & Adams, (2009), has demonstrated that the servant based leadership has the capability of leaders to serve workers so that they can serve the best possible facilities to its customer. It can be described more determinedly as the capacity to search the requirement of the moment and move the attention and efforts of team to provide the requirement. In many cases it has been evaluated that the main concern of leader is on situation rather than actually listening what is required at the time. Strategic plans are playing an integral role in the organization and if leaders follow it systematically and fulfill the genuine needs of the society, they would get the success of the organization and it would be easy to them to achieve the commitment with employee in easiest manner (Amabile & Khaire,  2008). The leaders of 21^st century should balance and integrate the needs of the team for enhancing the trust of them in an appropriate manner. A wise leader supports needs of an individual and team as well with the economic, social and spiritual needs of the nation and international community.

It has been evaluated that every leader will be misinterpreted, disliked and have to deal with issues among the people they handle. To overcome those issues is sophisticated manner; leaders should have the conflict resolution and communication skill to deal with various members of team. There is a model of wise leaders that involves self qualities, leadership and management along with strategic skills required by a leader to fulfill the aims of the organization. The eight roles of wise leader are visioning, facilitating, stewarding, coaching, directing, brokering, achieving and monitoring.

There is a Leader Member Exchange theory that main aim is focused on the relationship between leader and follower. The major principle of LMX theory is that leader of the organization generate various exchange relationship with their followers. This literature has evolved from centering utterly on the result of the LMX relationship to focus on both background and consequences. Sparrow et. al., (2006), stated that the quality of the relationship facilitated the leaders to behave with followers in an adequate manner and force to being able model for them. On the other hand Martin et al. (2005) reported that LMX theory is able to fully mediate the relationship between control and various results related to work such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction and many more. It has been evaluated that in the 21^st century there is a trend of E-leadership. E-leadership where individuals as well as groups are scattered based on geographically and interacted with followers by technology. It has become very effective for those who run their business globally. There are so many examples of multinational companies that have so many branches in all over the world and run its business in adequate manner by adapting the technology. Infosys, Wipro, Microsoft, Apple and so on are the examples of companies that are more advances and its leaders have entire knowledge about everything with the help of E-leadership (Saee, 2017).

Conclusion 

It has been concluded that leadership is an essential tool of every business and organization to run the business in sophisticated manner. It has been researched that there are various models and theories of leadership which may influence the organization in progressive way if it applied in better way. The 21^st century leadership is more fundamental wisdom. These leaders’ fond opportunity everywhere and look for change in an appropriate manner. It has been discussed in the main part of this report that the leadership style has been impacted as per the culture of country. There are so many examples of 21^st century leaders such as Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg and many more who have leadership skills and become an example or role model for the world. The discussion about wise leaders is made in the report which demonstrates that the development of ‘wise’ leaders is vital and it is considered as an important aspect for further studies.

It has been recommended that it is good to have the leadership skills but it is essential for the leaders to follow them an adequate manner over the employees. there are so many leaders have been mentioned in this report but it has been found that due to so many branches and lots of work, hierarchal structure are followed over there which arise the issues of miscommunication. Many employees of those companies are unable to raise their voice and share their concern to main leader of the company due to lack of direct interaction with leaders.

References

Adams, B. & Adams, C., 2009, “Transformation”, Leadership Excellence, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 14-15.

Amabile, T. M., & Khaire, M., 2008, “Creativity and the role of the leader”, Harvard business review, vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 100.

Ayman, R. & Korabik, K., 2010, “Leadership”, American Psychologist, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 157-170.

Boulter, J., 2010, “Recovery Leadership”, Leadership Excellence, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 13-13.

Brown, T., 2009, “Leadership in challenging times”, Business Strategy Review, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 36.

Vokoun, M., 2007,“Redefining Leadership for the 21st Century. Retrieved on 11^th November, 2017 from: http://ezinearticles.com/?Redefining-Leadership-for-the-21st-Century&id=582642.

Crossman, J., 2010, “Conceptualizing Spiritual Leadership in Secular Organizational Contexts and Its Relation to Transformational, Servant and Environmental Leadership”,  Leadership and Organization Development Journal 31(7): 596–608.

Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014, “Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives”, The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), pp.36-62.

Dixon, M. L. & Hart, L. K. 2010, “The impact of path-goal leadership styles on work group effectiveness and turnover intention”, Journal of Managerial Issues, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 52-69.

Eisenbeiss, S., van Knippenberg, D. & Boerner, S. 2008, “Transformational leadership and team innovation: Integrating team climate principles” Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1438.

Galoppin, L., 2013, “Edelman’s Trust Barometer: Crisis of Leadership Calls for Social Architecture”, Retreived on 11^th November, 2017, from: http://www.reply-mc.com/2013/02/11/edelmans-trust-barometer-crisis-of-leadership-calls-for-social-architecture/.

Hackett, R., D., and Wang, G., 2012, “Virtues and Leadership: An Integrating Conceptual Framework Founded in Aristotelian and Confucian Perspectives on Virtues”, Management Decision 50(5): 868–899.

Hackett, R.D., and Wang, G., 2012, “Virtues and Leadership: An Integrating Conceptual Framework Founded in Aristotelian and Confucian Perspectives on Virtues”, Management Decision 50(5): 868–899.

Howell J, M., & Shamir, B., 2005, “The role of followers in the charismatic leadership process: relationships and their consequences. Acad. Manage. Rev. 30:96–112.

Howell, J., P., Bowen, D., E., Dorfman, P., W., Kerr, S., &  Podsakoff, P., M., 2007, “Substitutes for leadership: effective alternatives to ineffective leadership”, In Leadership: Understanding the Dynamics of Power and Influence in Organizations, ed. RP Vecchio, pp. 363–76. Notre Dame, IN: Univ. Notre Dame Press.

Ilies, R., Nahrgang, J,D., & Morgeson, F, P., 2007, “Leader-member exchange and citizenship behaviors: a meta-analysis”, J. Appl. Psychol. 92:269–77.

Lliops,G., 2015, “Six Characteristics Define 21st Century Leadership”, Retrieved on 11^th November, 2017, from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2015/04/01/six-characteristics-define-21st-century-leadership/#178e8a19358e.

Nicolae, M., Ion, I., and Nicolae, E., 2013, “The Spiritual Leadership Agenda”, Review of International Comparative Management 14(4): 551, October 2013.

Proctor, T., 2014, Creative problem solving for managers: developing skills for decision making and innovation, Routledge.

Saee, J., 2017, “Effective leadership for the global economy in the 21ST century”, Journal of Business Economics and Management,  ISSN 16 11- 1699.

MyAssignmenthelp.co.uk is a name in assignment writing services that students trust. We offer our assignment writing services for a wide variety of assignment including essays, dissertations, case studies and more. Students can place their order with us anytime as we function 24x7, and get their copies at unbeatable prices. We guarantee that all of our solutions are plagiarism-free.