LB5234 Leading and Managing Organisational Change

Introduction 

Business world is a rapidly changing place. These changes are constantly taking place in the environment of the business and hence require designated strategies and planning in order to tackle the issues caused to the businesses. The changes on the external environment are to be tackled through the changes carried out in the organization.

Purpose of the report 

The purpose of this report is to develop an understanding of the change management process and role of leadership in the hospitality industry (Bel, Smirnov and Wait, 2018). There are various changes in the external environment of the hospitality industry that affect the business and hence require a strategic and management process to counter the effect of the external environment.

Brief description of the industry

The industry upon which the report is carried out is the hospitality industry. Hospitality industry involves various types of business which are typically based on the model of providing services and facilities to the customers. Unlike other industries the hospitality industry involves one time services and facilities and the long term engagement and customer detainment is through the satisfaction of the customers. Hospitality is one of the biggest global industries that include business forms like hotel chains, cafes, tourism and travel services etc.

Issues to be discussed and their significance.

Hospitality industry has been heavily affected by the novel coronavirus in the recent times. The COVID-19 virus has caused lockdown in multiple parts of the globe and has resulted into the economic downfall in at multiple regions where the particular industry enjoyed high level of success. Not only this has resulted into the crisis in the functioning of the hospitality industry but has also demanded and urgent and immediate change management implementation in the particular business industry (Diesen, 2021). Environmental and political issues of the world have also impacted the hospitality industry and specifically the hotel chain business as it has either attracted or prohibited traveling and tourism depending on the varying time.

Limitations of the report

The report has been prepared on a considerable deadline which is to be followed by an acknowledgement of its limitations. The leadership change and its management in the hospitality management requires high level of research and understanding which further makes the high input time as a necessity. Furthermore, the report although conducted on the current market conditions and issues that affect the company and the entire industry, it is more of a derivative form of report that describes the outcomes through the process of market analysis and situational understanding (Fotinatos, 2018). The precision of the data and strategical changes brought up by the company are upto the facts but could have been more accurate and elaborative given more time.

Assumptions

In order to carry out the report in a particular and derivative direction it has been assumed in the report that the chosen industry had to implement leadership changes due to general and broader issues faced by the hospitality industry around the world. The report effectively put the assumption to work that the changes and external conditions of the market have affected the company to bring out the change management and thus making adjustments and improvisation along the process.

Discussion

Methodology

Methodology is one of the most important part of the report as it describes the ways in which the research and ultimately the report is to be carries out (Kezar, 2018). This involves various aspects like the type of the research that is to be conducted and the time duration designated for each and every activity of the report.

Choices of Research Methods

This is really the experimental technique section, which aids in the collection of approaches to be used in the research. The qualitative and quantitative methods of study are the two major types of evaluation. The analysis is carried out and the form of information to be obtained is determined using these processes. In order to better understand the choices of methods, furtherance is a brief on the two types of choices,

Qualitative Analysis: This type of research is conveyed by terms that are abstract of nature that are used to structure the research. It is used to express the intellectual thoughts and perceptions of the individuals on which the study is done, as well as the components that make up the research. This method of study enables the researcher to comprehend the breadth of the research subject as well as its impact on the relevant field. Open-ended questions, findings that are presented in sentences, in-depth interviews with target consumers, and literature reviews are all examples of qualitative testing methods.

Quantitative Analysis: Statistics and graphs are used to reflect this type of research. The quantitative method of study continues to use analytical techniques and methodology in the research, as well as the compilation of evidence and knowledge from which the experiment is to be focused, for the empirical method's recovery (MacKian and Simons, eds., 2021). The type of the research can be used to better understand the general information of the topic and hence is not related to the specificity of the research. The data and information obtained through this method is helpful in the formation of theories and obtaining general understanding that can be applied to the broader field of business.

In the current report the leadership changes in the hospitality industry are to be researched and understood and hence the qualitative methods would prove out to be most effective as the precise understanding of the mind-set and thought process of all the stakeholders would help the company make appropriate changes to achieve higher efficiency.  

Time Factor: There are two kinds of timeframe possibilities used in the analysis to determine how long the study would last. Time series and linear time horizons are the two groups. The cross-sectional time horizon refers to a brief period of time, while the linear time horizon refers to a period of time that may vary from so many days to months to years (Mihaljević, 2019). The cross - sectional method horizon is called the strongest time horizon for study because it contains information of the data collection at regular periods of time, ensuring that the experimental system is functioning properly.

Article research findings (need to be relevant to leadership and/or strategy)  

According to the viewpoint of Nicolas Frangos (2020), leadership change can  be defined as the art of influencing and motivating someone to do their tasks enthusiastically and with proficiency for achieving organizations objectives. Leadership change involves inspiring and motivating people to put more efforts for the desired outcomes. People should have certain characteristics to become successful leaders. They should be very educated, experienced along with strong belief and ethical standards. Leadership change is an important aspect in flourishing of the hospitality industry. There is a big challenge confronted by hotel managers that how to engage employees in achieving business objectives. The managers should possess the qualities of good management and a great leader. There are various leadership styles which have direct relation with employees commitment and creativity.

Autocratic leadership: This style is kind of a dictatorial leadership. The leader assumes the whole power in his own hands. This influences employees’ mood negatively (Mir, Rezania, and Baker, 2020). Autocratic leaders force their employees and extensively control them. It is considered as a destructive leadership behaviour.

Democratic leadership: This involves the subordinates in decision making. The employees have effective communication among themselves and with the leader. Everyone is allowed to share their point of view. This builds the trust between leader and employees.

Transformational leadership: In transformational leadership, leaders act as role models for subordinates. Leaders are highly respected and trusted by the subordinates. Leaders should have the ability to motivate their subordinates beyond their expectation.

Leadership styles don’t have same influence on business performance. It is the job of the leader to recognize and combine different leadership styles to achieve the desired outcome. Managers should have the capability to adapt to different leadership styles according to situations (Scott, 2018). Democratic and transformational leadership styles are mostly used in the hotel industry and transformational leadership has the largest positive effect on hospitality businesses. Managers should adapt their leadership style according to the situation prevailing. People oriented leadership styles focus on organizing and managing the team members. This results in effective teamwork whereas task-oriented leadership styles focus on completion of work. It is important when there are deadlines to be met.

J.W. Marriott's leadership style has changed to democratic leadership in the recent years. The chain's core values and culture is concerned with its people. They have high esteem for their employees. J.W. Marriott once also said that treat your employees the way you want to be treated. This core value has led the chain to achieve what it is today. They always focus on the experience of their employees. They want their employees to like their work and be interested in doing their job.

Industry Relevance and Applicability 

The research through the article has made it clear that the leadership change in the hospitality industry offers a lot to the company it is being made in. Through the process of this change the company can very well revive its vision and sets its strategies in a way that develops higher customer satisfaction and attraction (Selmanovic, 2018). The leadership change offers the hospitality industry to make suitable changes into the strategies and operational process of the industry so that higher number of customers can be attracted even in the changed circumstances.

Application of research findings 

• From the research findings the leadership change has following application,
• Gain competitive advantage : the leadership change allows the company to make suitable changes such that the company making application can capture market than the competition.
• Adopt modern techniques for new market environment: keeping up with the trends and current preference of the target customers is key aspect of the business. Through leadership change the company can understand the customers better as more strategies are formed to develop this understanding.
• Create high performance organizational structure: the performance is enhanced through the process of leadership change in hospitality industry as the aims and objectives of the company can be reformed and executed effectively. Through this process the industry could develop organizations for better performance.
• Creates a little confusion if not implemented strategically: the application of leadership change can be a confusion task for some of the companies as there is a change in the working ways and the employees can be confused with the working structure of the company. For this the company must work in an organized way and focus on making the newly constructed plan clear to all the employees.

Implications of the research

JW Marriott has adopted the democratic leadership style in the recent years which allows the company to understand the changes in the external environment better. Through the effective contribution and role of appropriate executives in the company the company is able to keep up with the trends of the market and obtain information of the market through the perspective of multiple people. Although this sounds confusing to some but JW Marriott have suitable employees that make strategies and planning for the betterment of the company. This change has helped the company to perform better in the time of the pandemic.

Interviews

What role does organizational change place in leadership?

I think the main reason is that organizational changes occur due to the environmental factors and political factors. There is consistent change within business environment and hence we have to plan according to the surrounding. I think ability for effectively managing as well as embracing the changes is good for me to have benefits for today as a hotelier (Tai and Kareem, 2018). I think it is very important for me to manage the changes and operate indeed business environment appropriately.

According to you, what are they different planning for inevitable changes that you make?

I think changes within business sneak up on the way in which changes help in succeeding. There is need for anticipation as well as alarming situations and keeping in mind that constantly changes have to occur while running the hospitality business to stop I think being a hotelier employ I should be always prepared about the new changes that will be occurring in the company.

What do you think is the main role or responsibility of a leader while managing organizational change?

Organizational changes are inevitable and that is why being a leader it is very important to be prepared about each and every time. This enables the ability to handle all these situations and manage them carefully.

CATWOE / Stakeholder Engagement

This is known as a problem solving checklist. This technique was given by David Smith in the year 1975. There are six elements for solving the problems. The main objective of using this is to solve the business problems. When hospitality industries will apply this analysis, it is easy to start writing the project brief template and systemise all the requirements and needs. It is easy to visualise progress of project and different tasks required for managing effective online Gantt charts for the project management. When there are new organisational changes within the hospitality sector, it is required that new business plans and strategies have to be developed will stop in this case CATWOE Methodology will help in managing better results. This will create the attainment of additional problems by defining the six elements. This includes customers, actors, transformation process, worldview, owner and environmental constraints (Wilson and Sy, 2021). In context of the hospitality organisational change, this problem solving analysis can be done in following manner:

• Customers: this is known as the first element within this structure. This is involved in defining people and understanding how the process or system is working . This means analysis of the customer by this service is provided by the hospitality sector. When conducting a business, entrepreneurs must focus upon the customers each and every minute. There must be all first provided to customers every time so that they can grab these services easily.
• Actors: important people who are taking part within implementation of changes within business process are affected by the organisational decision’s. It is important to manage the way or in which the business is working. Right type of people should be chosen for completing the organisational aspect.
• Transformation: this means the changing of system and the way in which process works. It is a thin shall to make and develop decisions on the basis of the process. It can be analysed that effective areas of business have to be managed properly for completing the organisational task.
• Worldview: this is known as a wider impact upon the transformation processes or system. This consists of managing this system and processes according to the impact upon business. There are different stakeholders who are being affected by the approach which is used by the business owner while implementing the change.
• Owner: this is the person who takes decisions and control over the system.this person is involved in deciding what is right and what is wrong. He has the responsibility of taking decisions according to his own choice. Through market and environmental analysis, owners make decisions which are having objective of maximising the profits.
• Environmental constraints: these are known as restrictions which may halt the operations of the system. There are several legal, ethical and financial regulations as well as resources which affect the way off hospitality business operations. In context of present scenario, hospitality industry is mostly affected by the governmental laws and regulations associated with management of pandemic situation.

Surveys

Findings

Question 1: Idea about the role played by leadership

Interpretation: It is analysed from the above pie chart that leadership is necessary for managing the flow of business operations. This data tells that out of 40 respondents, there are 30 respondents who think leadership is essential for the company. Only 10 respondents think that leadership has nothing to do with business operations.

Question 2: Roles of leadership

Interpretation: From the above pie chart, it can be said that a lot of roles are played for leaders within Marriott. 16 out of 40 respondents had knowledge as hiring the right people is major role because it support company in attainment of better advantages. There are  14 respondents who think that management policies are needed for managing best workplace operations. Remaining 10 participants had opinion as designing of integrated underlying systems which are impacted by leadership.  

Question 3: Leadership  initiatives requires to take by higher authorities and manager

Q3) What are the main initiatives requires to take by higher authorities and manager of  Marriott for leadership skills?	Frequency
a) Maintaining individual identity	13
b) Training and development	10
c) Recognition and reward	17

 

• Interpretation: It is said that leadership is needed for managing the motivation of employees. From the above graph, it is concluded that there are 13 respondents who think that leadership is affected by having and maintaining individual identity is main initiative for leadership. 10 participants think that training and development are the most important part of leadership. Remaining 17 respondents had opinion for providing rewards to employees in order to maintain leadership.   

Hospitality industry is one of the fast paced running sector of business environment. There have been different changes within organisation. Leadership plays an essential role while managing the business operation. Leaders are skilled for managing to be competitive within environment. Skills are known as complex as well as ambiguous concept. For the business owners and leaders of the company, it is very important to be skilled in order to manage the business operations (Yoder-Wise,  2018). There are different type of skill approaches including trait approach, leader centric approach which are used for managing the job role. Skills help the development of on self and it helps to manage the most complicated situations of business. Skills can be simply defined as abilities for increasing and enhancing learning objectives. There are different traits which are inherited among leaders and some of them can be managed on one. Skills helps in simplification of ability that is developed and manifested for increasing the performance. There is need of having effective administration among the three sets of leadership which includes technical, human and conceptual aspect. To become a strong leader is known as an effective way for demonstrating unique and dedication and value for managing the professionalism and the dynamic field. It is concluded that for becoming a strong leader it is very important for the person to manage own skills and develop the abilities that can help in reaching the skilful couriers effectively. There are four qualities which are very important for strengthening the leadership skills. Some of these are mentioned below:

• Adaptability: in context of adaptable leaders, it is very important to focus upon the targets and goals. It is essential to manage the organisational change and develop abilities that will help in managing the work. Flexible hospitality and tourism professionals required to manage and tackle different tasks at the same time. That is why it is more important for hospitality leaders to adapt the new change and work accordingly.
• Team oriented: it is very important for all leaders to be focused regarding completing the organisational goals. There are different teams developed within the organisation. Team players work in a constructive manner for managing different businesses and completing the efficiency of providing good services to customers. Main objective of all organisations is to develop good strategies and provide effective services. Leaders are involved in creating weekly schedules for staff and team. This helps and resolving conflicts between employees. The team leader within hospitality industry are involved in managing the company’s performance and implementing valuable use of resources and time. Team members must be provided guidance as well as additional support for managing the trust as well as clear communication.
• Purpose of the report

The main purpose of this report is to manage the working of hospitality organisations and deal with the upcoming scenarios efficiently.

• What was done?

Research was done to know what are the different ways by which leadership gets impacted due to the challenges like COVID 19, Brexit, etc.

• Findings

From the above discussion, it is concluded that Marriott hotel has to look after the problems of their employees are very concerned for the same. They make sure to hear them out and provide them with solutions. All the employees are treated equally and are also involved in the decision making. The views of the employees are taken into consideration before formation of new procedures or policies to be followed. Democratic leadership style has surely helped Marriott managers as it has incorporated concerns for both, people and tasks. The managers get their work done according to the concerns of the employees.

• Limitations
• The main limitation of this research is less time and lack of few resources.
• Assumptions

The assumptions are leadership is the most important part for managing business operations of hospitality industry.

Recommendations

• 1 Passionate: it is very important to keep improving and growing within the hospitality management. Passion is involved in excitement, kindness, energy and other characteristics which are related to manage the clients and guests. This is clear that commitment and practise are two players which help in managing an effective leadership. For selecting career in hospitality and tourism, it is provided in the mind-set of business leaders to be customer focused and adapt all the changes within the business environment.
• 2 Entrepreneurial: it is essential for business owners to have Entrepreneurial skills. This means they must have a mind-set for completing the work with effective range of capabilities. There are different strength and weakness of every person and for becoming an entrepreneur it is important to have a mind-set off managing The work. It is also important to seek new opportunities within hospitality organisation. This involves maintaining a proper position and having clear vision for the future. There is need to manage all properties associated with shortage of housekeeping supplies.

References

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