SAPO3010 Health, Care and Wellbeing

Introduction:

The “Teenagers”, are individuals who are at their summit of transformations, where they undergo some of the intellectual, mental, and cerebral abilities undergo extreme metamorphosis between 13-18 years of age. The teenage phase is usually very delicate and sensitive. There has been a typical origination of the notion that “smoking helps the body to attain comfort and relaxation”. The teenagers have very rapidly adopted this unusual belief and have gone with the flow without even obtaining a rationalized conception or determining the repercussions of developing this habit. This topic purposefully designs a way to bring into prominence of the adversities and severity that relate to “teenage smoking”. The foremost intention of this chosen topic is to deliver sufficient data and information, which highlights the distresses and unpleasant consequences of “teenage smoking in the U.K.”.

Background of the topic:

According to Fialkovskaia (2016), teenagers all over the world are very much conscious of the contradictory circumstances of smoking, especially during the adolescent phases of life that have been creating unpleasant consequences and unrestrained tragedies. The available data reveals the fact that “teenage smoking” is one of the topmost hazardous issues that the global population has been facing in recent years, distinctly in the “United Kingdoms”.

As per the view of Katikireddi et.al. (2016), the dominant or notable reasons that usually stimulate teenagers to smoke can be due to a “hectic schedule” which leads to the development of “excessive stress”. As per the view of Glowacki, Lazard, and Wilcox (2017), this habit can also initiate when they are under “peer pressure”, where their friends are motivating them to smoke, and some of them do so, to avoid social embarrassment, even though they are facing troublesome situation whilst smoking. As per the view of Lewit, Coate, and Grossman (2017), sometimes, various unique aspects or constituents may also develop all of a sudden which may provoke an adolescent to initiate the annoying susceptibility towards smoking. When they want to go against their parents or when they try to develop a firm or stubborn attitude, they might initially start with light smoking.

Reason for selection of the topic:

As per the view of Glowacki, Lazard, and Wilcox (2017), smoking is a hazardous and in certain cases uncontrollable tendency that may also lead to severe forms of cancer, especially in the lungs. Teen or adolescent smoking has become a very prevalent subject of discussion as the mortality rate has been consistently accelerating in an unrestricted manner, chiefly in the U.K. (England, Wales, and Scotland).

Aim and Objective of the selected topic:

One of the prominent intentions of this topic is to comprehend and examine the involvement of the adolescents or teenagers who have been conventionally becoming prone to this unpleasant addiction by centralizing the focus upon the citizens of the U.K. The objective of this topic is

• To identify and examine the significant aspects or factors that encourage “teen smoking” in the U.K.
• To have an appropriate apprehension of the impacts and consequences that relate to smoking at an early age.

Process of achieving the aim of the selected topic:

A successful procedure of accomplishing the intention of this topic is by effectively examining and appropriately scrutinizing all the data and information that is accessible. Additionally, a proper study of all the accessible prior reviews, journals, and articles serves as a helpful process of availing resources to obtain clarity about the topic.

Literature Survey:

Concept of “Health and Well fare” concerning Teenager Smoking:

According to the “World Health Organization”, “health” and “well-being” is a situation where an individual enjoys a perfect “frame of mind”. As per the view of Gould, Lim, and Mattes (2017), this refers to a state where there are no “physical”, “social” and “mental” complications in an individual as well as disorders or diseases. “Well-being of an individual” usually aims to improve and enhance the “mental stability”, “emotional prosperity” and “physical fitness” of the human body.

As per the view of Bhatnagar et.al. (2019), the individual attains good health and well-being when they adapt fit and flourishing lifestyle. As per the view of Glowacki, Lazard, and Wilcox (2017), doctors and specialists consider smoking as one of the chronic addictions that can adversely influence an individual’s lifestyle, especially during the adolescent phases. Excessive smoking can damage the “physical fitness” of the human body as this tendency leads to chest illnesses, strokes, and lung cancer in the future.

As per the view of Hogendorf et.al. (2017), the immune system of these early age smokers gets weak and unstable; hence, they become more prone to illnesses and disorders. Additionally, this tendency has an ill effect on the emotional balance of teenagers, because, with increasing addition, they become more stubborn and rebellious which affects their maturity.

As per the view of Siregar, Rochadi, and Maas (2019), this unpleasant activity can have negative consequences upon the welfare of the teen smokers, as unknowingly they adopt a “hazardous lifestyle”, which they consider fancy and luxurious. The teenage tendency or inclination towards smoking usually begins as a new experience but with time, this becomes chronic enslavement, and is not so easily recoverable. Therefore, to enjoy healthy living, it is significantly essential for teenagers to incorporate a lifestyle, which inhibits any kind of adverse activities like excessive smoking and drinking.

Concept of “Social Behavioural patterns” concerning Teenager Smoking:

There is a significant notion that “Teenagers” or “young adults” are at their summit of transformations, where some of the intellectual, mental, and cerebral abilities undergo extreme metamorphosis. As per the view of Wills et.al. (2015), the teenage phase is usually very delicate and sensitive. This is because at this stage the “would-be-adults” or precisely the “adolescents” undergo a “conversion” in their character, behaviour, attitude, and way of conduct. At this phase, they are “emotionally and psychologically unstable”. As per the view of Shackleton et.al. (2016), “negative manipulation” and “bad influence” can be terrible at this age, since they are yet not capable to make the right decisions and think rationally.

During this phase, the teenagers incline to experiment with new things that they have not done yet. This involves taking up huge risks, challenges, or developing bad addictions (smoking, intake of drug or alcohol), which grows up to become a huge complication in the future. Notably, this adolescence undergoes various modifications in their “character trait”, and most importantly, these modifications are “psychological” or “emotional”. As per the view of Marashi et.al. (2019), “teenage” is a phase when the individuals undergo innumerable psychological and biological changes, and hence, the brain starts to function differently, to keep pace with the consistent modifications.

At this phase, their behavioral pattern, choices, and preferences may start changing, which might go in a positive or a negative direction. To put it simply, these young adults start developing an unpredictable nature. In the initial period, some of the teenagers start smoking due to their friend’s group pressure. As per the view of Cobb et.al. (2019), they do not want to face any sort of embarrassment or awkwardness amongst their friends. Moreover, with the surfeit of smoking, the teenagers develop an attitude to prove themselves right in any case, which makes them rebellious.

Concept of “Education” concerning Teenager Smoking:

As per the view of Shackleton et.al. (2016), educating teenagers is very important for their effortless and productive transformation into “adults”. Teenage education acts as a mediator for providing appropriate information, guidance, and encouragement. Teenagers need to clarify their doubts and misconception so that they can understand themselves and hence connect to the world appropriately. It is very important to comprehend the fact that only “educated teenagers”, can act as a productive and worthwhile part of the community.

As per the view of Anjum et.al. (2016), one of the severe results of smoking has a dangerous consequence upon the “education” of teenagers. It is very much comprehensible that education is one of the fundamental amenities that a child needs to attain, as it formulates and shapes their personality at an early age. Moreover, the value or eminence of education is not only restricted to developing the youth’s persona but also helps them avail themselves of a “safe and secure” future. Basic education furnishes the youth with notable skills like developing a way of thinking “analytically and rationally”, and not just only driven by emotions. In addition, gaining a primary and basic education enhances the youth’s self-confidence and self-reliance. However, at present reports reveal the fact that the teenager has started developing a notion that smoking can help them attain “relaxation” from their “hectic schedule”, and “consistent stress”.

As per the view of Katikireddi et.al. (2016), the input of education needs both time and efforts; however, in most of the case, the teenager is unable to deliver the required labour. This is because the allocation of time for the students to study gets into waste when they establish their inclination towards smoking and originating other unpleasant addictions. As per the view of Lewit, Coate, and Grossman (2017), “experimental youth smokers” turn into “occasional smokers”, and hence becomes “regular smokers” when they are into adulthood.

Concept of “Family Involvement” concerning Teenager Smoking:

Parenting is a journey, where the parents hold the sole responsibility of imparting their child with safety, security, affection, and education, to generate the appropriate growth and development of the children, and this process becomes even more sensitive and significant when their children are in their “teenage” phase. This is a phase where the personality of the teenagers can undergo reshaping, that too in a positive way so that they can turn out to be responsible and capable enough to understand that they should not indulge themselves in severe addictions of smoking.

As per the view of Liu et.al. (2017), appropriate “parenting” is very crucial during the “transition” episode of an adolescent to mature adults. It is very much predictable that teenagers are widely influenced by the activities of their parents. To put it in a better way, adolescent individual who is not yet capable of thinking and making decisions independently, usually are prone to adopt their “parent's lifestyle”. Therefore, if they see their parents smoking, they might adopt their parent’s tendency as a reciprocation, which leads to the origination of chronic impacts upon the teenager shortly.

As per the view of Katikireddi et.al. (2016), adolescents normally look up to their parents and assume them their “ideals” or “role models”. However, a defeat in proper parenting of teenagers comes up with an unpropitious impact in the future. As per the view of Fialkovskaia (2016), consistent “Family complications” and “Family conflicts”, may also contribute to the evolution of certain unpleasant situations like “anxiety”, “depression”, and “excessive stress”. This makes the teenagers more “obstinate”, and “headstrong”, which drives them to incorporate unwanted addictions like smoking and drinking. Therefore, the parents need to understand their children’s opinions and points of view and hence make them realize what is right and what is wrong.

Concept of the “Financial Status” concerning Teenager Smoking:

The teenagers start believing that smoking is one of the posh and luxurious ways to live life, and hence they begin to incorporate the same lifestyle by initiating smoking at an early age. This particular addiction of the teenagers can go to any extent, even by causing financial instability of their parents.

As per the view of Hogendorf et.al. (2017), smoking is usually not a part of the “regular financial budget”. It comes across as an additional and unwanted expense, which needs inhibition. The captivation of teenagers towards this unrestrained smoking addiction is increasing excessively, and therefore they are turning themselves into regular smokers. As per the view of Gould, Lim, and Mattes (2017). Now, this issue when relates to the expenses of the youth it delivers an adverse impact on them. The reports reveal that cigarette smoking is extremely expensive, especially when teenagers start smoking regularly. Moreover, cigarette smoking involves additional costs like the diagnosis of illness, when the teenagers fall sick or develop chest illnesses, asthma, or regular coughing. As per the view of Watkins, Glantz, and Chaffee (2018), they generate an “abnormal obsession” with tobacco and other such addictive products.

Therefore, to do so they are always ready to spend an “immense amount of money” for fulfilling their “uncontrollable desires”. As per the view of Fialkovskaia (2016), sometimes, when they cannot avail cigarettes due to lack of money, they can also become excessively rebellious and can harm themselves and others. There are certain circumstances, where teenagers even start stealing money from their parents, when they face restrictions from their parents, or when they are repeatedly asked to quit smoking.  Additionally, they also begin selling such rubbish products to avail money. Thus, this process of earning money through selling tobacco is extremely “disgraceful and immoral”.

Conclusion:

Therefore, based on the above discussion a conclusion can be deduced that the development of the smoking tendency during an early age always proves to be hazardous. Smoking is undoubtedly an unwanted and improper habit that always harms all age groups. However, cases turn out to be chronic when the teenagers start smoking, as initially, it begins as a new experiment, which is capable of exciting the youth, but table’s turn when this amusement or relaxation process becomes a terrible addiction. This unrestrained tendency and carelessness has unfortunate consequences, which include several chronic health complications and thus reduce the effectiveness of the immune system. This habit develops long-lasting and critical issues like severe chest complications, heart failure, strokes, asthma, lung cancer, and other respiratory disorders.

This topic has demonstrated some cases, especially in the U.K. where the mortality rate is quite high. This makes this issue one of the most problematic challenges that the U.K. is facing consistently.  Based upon the above discussion, another conclusion generates, that one of the major factors that contribute to teen smoking is when they get over-inclined towards the virtual world and social media. They develop a fondness for smoking when they watch their favorite or beloved actors doing the same thing in the movies.

A critical analysis has been performed for this topic to picture the impacts and results of “teenage smoking”. To generate more clarity about this issue, “Public Health of England” of the U.K. has performed a survey where the smoking rate of the teenagers has been identified (200000-250000 approximately. The “National Healthcare Service”, has also taken interest in exploring more about the “teenage smoking” cases in the U.K. The NHS of the U.K. has built up a guide that suggests teenagers to quit smoking. There has been a clear portrayal of the terrible results and repercussions of “teenage smoking”, which has an adverse impact upon their educational progress, their emotional stability, behavioural patterns, family, friends, and most importantly, their health in this guide. The effectiveness of this study lays in the fact that this topic is highly exploring and most prevalent, especially in recent years.

Therefore, based upon the discussion, some effective measures can be undertaken to help teenagers to give up on their habit of smoking. This involves the undertaking of some corrective steps like; the parents can have a healthy conversation with them in a friendly manner. In this way, the teenagers can easily open up to their parents and share their problems, tensions, and several other reasons that are increasing their stress level. Additionally, it is also important on the part of the teenagers to realize the fact that this inclination towards smoking and drinking is slowly nearing them to develop serious potential illnesses, and disorders that might turn out to be incurable.

Thus, it is eminent that smoking has an adverse influence on the sociodemographic, health, and welfare of the population of these countries. About 35%-45% of the adults of the U.K. develop this terrible tendency during their teenage.

References:

Al-Harthi, I.S., and Al-Shabibi, Z.A., 2018. Smoking Habits and its Associated Complications among the Omani Population. Madridge J Nurs, 3(2), pp.127-133.

Anjum, M.S., Srikanth, M.K., Reddy, P.P., Monica, M., Rao, K.Y. and Sheetal, A., 2016. Reasons for smoking among the teenagers of age 14–17 years in Vikarabad town: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 14(1), p.80.

Anyanwu, P.E., Craig, P., Katikireddi, S.V. and Green, M.J., 2018. Impacts of smoke-free public places legislation on inequalities in youth smoking uptake: study protocol for a secondary analysis of UK survey data. BMJ open, 8(3), p.e022490.

Bhatnagar, A., Maziak, W., Eissenberg, T., Ward, K.D., Thurston, G., King, B.A., Sutfin, E.L., Cobb, C.O., Griffiths, M., Goldstein, L.B. and Rezk-Hanna, M., 2019. Water pipe (hookah) smoking and cardiovascular disease risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 139(19), pp.e917-e936.

Fialkovskaia, A.A., 2016. Epidemiological Study of Smoking Prevalence among Teenagers. Childs health, (7.75), pp.112-116.

Glowacki, E.M., Lazard, A.J. and Wilcox, G.B., 2017. E-cigarette topics shared by medical professionals: a comparison of tweets from the United States and United Kingdom. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(2), pp.133-137.

Gould, G.S., Lim, L.L. and Mattes, J., 2017. Prevention and treatment of smoking and tobacco use during pregnancy in selected Indigenous communities in high-income countries of the United States, United Kingdoms, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand: an evidence-based review. Chest, 152(4), pp.853-866.

Hogendorf, A.M., Fendler, W., SierosÅ‚awski, J., Bobeff, K., WÄ™grewicz, K., Malewska, K.I., Przudzik, M.W., Szmigiero-Kawko, M., Sztangierska, B., MyÅ›liwiec, M. and Szadkowska, A., 2017. Alcohol and cigarette use among adolescents with type one diabetes. European journal of pediatrics, 176(6), pp.713-722.

Katikireddi, S.V., Der, G., Roberts, C. and Haw, S., 2016. Has childhood smoking reduced following smoke-free public places legislation? A segmented regression analysis of cross-sectional UK school-based surveys. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(7), pp.1670-1674.

Lewit, E.M., Coate, D. and Grossman, M., 2017. 12. The Effects of Government Regulation on Teenage Smoking (pp. 482-508). Columbia University Press.

Liu, J., Zhao, S., Chen, X., Falk, E. and Albarracín, D., 2017. The influence of peer behavior as a function of social and cultural closeness: A meta-analysis of normative influence on adolescent smoking initiation and continuation. Psychological bulletin, 143(10), p.1082.

Marashi, T., Ramezankhani, A., Dadipoor, S. and Safari-Moradabadi, A., 2019. Health problem multiple behaviors in Iranian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 24(2), pp.224-233.

Pugh, G., Gravestock, H.L., Hough, R.E., King, W.M., Wardle, J. and Fisher, A., 2016. Health behavior change interventions for teenage and young adult cancer survivors: a systematic review. Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology, 5(2), pp.91-105.

Shackleton, N., Jamal, F., Viner, R.M., Dickson, K., Patton, G. and Bonell, C., 2016. School-based interventions going beyond health education to promote adolescent health: systematic review of reviews. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(4), pp.382-396.

Siregar, S., Rochadi, K. and Maas, L.T., 2019. THE EFFECT OF AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA ON ADOLESCENTS’KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD SMOKING DANGEROUS AT SECONDARYHIGH SCHOOL 2 HALONGONAN SUBDISTRICT, INDONESIA. International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), 2(3), pp.164-171.

Villanti, A.C., Niaura, R.S., Abrams, D.B. and Mermelstein, R., 2019. Preventing smoking progression in young adults: the concept of prevescalation. Prevention Science, 20(3), pp.377-384.

Watkins, S.L., Glantz, S.A. and Chaffee, B.W., 2018. Association of non-cigarette tobacco product use with future cigarette smoking among youth in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, 2013-2015. JAMA pediatrics, 172(2), pp.181-187.

Wills, T.A., Knight, R., Williams, R.J., Pagano, I. and Sargent, J.D., 2015. Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette use and tobacco use in adolescents. Pediatrics, 135(1), pp.e43-e51.

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