168733 Physiology and Pathophysiology

Introducing the essay, it can be stated that in the 21^st century, obesity is a result of diabetes mellitus type 2 which has increased among people leading to an obesity pandemic and the prevalence of diabetes has reached a crisis proportion in terms of people’s health and wellbeing. Globally diabetes has taken a form of incessant disease that people are suffering from and to control it, most of the people around the world requires insulin to control the diabetes leading to more harming affects to obesity in people. There are a lot of drugs in the market that can be consumed to provide effective management of the diabetes and obesity as its impact, however regular consumption of medicinal drugs impacts the body negatively. It is therefore, necessary for the implementation of effective non-pharmacological therapy needs to be implemented for all patients to provide them a better and healthy solution to control and cure diabetes. The two signs and their symptoms of the condition of diabetes mellitus is discussed in this research in order to establish an effective understanding of the condition and the way used to treat the condition. According to Raveendran, Chacko and Pappachan (2018), the signs and the symptoms of the condition are several however, when focusing on important anatomical steps, they are harmful for the body therefore, the body must have non-pharmacological intervention in the form of dietary restrictions that will keep the person safe. The purpose of this study is to understand the two signs Dysuria and emphysema and their symptoms in relevance of the type diabetes mellitus and the significance of interventions that are not medical or drug induced.

The management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus requires support in terms of lifestyle modification and non-pharmacological interventions and treatment for long term treatment and control of the condition.

Overview of the topic can be described in terms of insulin deficiency in the blood or the body unable to produce or process insulin is a way of the body to become unhealthier and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus creates the body in such an internal environment, that the muscles start wasting and the hyperglycaemia is aggravated. These conditions bring changes in the body which are reflected in the symptoms and two of the symptoms that has been identified as significant in understanding and proving that dietary management are the best way for an individual with Type 2 diabetes mellitus to control and manage their condition without getting completely dependent on insulin or oral medications. The pathophysiological change that is considered effective in bringing systematic change to the body and the two signs and symptoms are Dysuria and emphysema (Buysschaert & Hermans 2004). The first sign is Dysuria which is any anomaly related to urination and specifically when discussed in relevance to type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is the frequent urination during all times of the day. The body requires for insulin to be synthesized which is not happening therefore, the body feels the urgency to urinate and the urgency is strong, abrupt, overwhelming leading to a discomforting situation. The second sign is emphysema which reflects the function that is taking place in the system where the alveoli that is the air sacs in the lungs are damaged leading to shortness of breath (Fig 1, appendix). The normal function of alveoli’s function is discussed in terms of effectiveness oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange of the blood that is provided in terms of the body and its tissues receiving the oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide (Naito & Miyauchi 2017). However, when this does not have the two signs that has been observed as the result with the identification of the pathophysiological change that is happening in the body.

The test that is implemented to analyse the blood sugar level which can be performed while fasting overnight and then taking the test for oral glucose tolerance test where fasting plasma glucose level (FPG) are measured where more than or equal to 7mmol/L in relevance to the symptoms of the individuals confirms the diabetes. The test is called Oral glucose tolerance test helps in realizing the HbA1c level of sugar in a person’s blood which when crosses after over 50 mmol/mol confirms that the person has diabetes (Cazzola et al., 2017). Considering this effective test, it is necessary to bring change in the way diabetes is treated and medicine is not a long-term solution therefore, one non-pharmacological treatment that is effective is dietary management. This intervention relates to the current issue of increasing blood sugar level is significant to provide a better solution in terms of effective nutritional therapy that helps individuals to perform better in tacking diabetes mellitus type 2 (Davies et al., 2018).

When analysing the condition of plasma glucose levels, it can be stated that the dietary consumption of nutrients provide an understanding of the physical activity in a normal human being with control over glucose homeostasis when it comes to particularly insulin. However, in a person with Type 2 diabetes, the glucose plasma levels are not in control and the representation of morbid obesity increased over the days (Dyer et al., 2020). The increasing or decreasing body weight therefore is necessary for the body to contradict and make it healthy therefore, dietary management such as consuming nuts, eggs, leafy vegetables as well as fish which has healthy fats. These foods help in controlling the diabetes as well as satisfying the hunger.

Type 2 Diabete Mellitus is a significant condition that is considered metabolic therefore, the non-pharmacological treatment that the body needs are dietary interventions which helps with the insulin intakes for a longer period of time as well as help in the lifestyle modification. The study argues that though there are many type of interventions, dietary management is one of the most effective due to the need that the body need to make. This is in terms of monitoring the blood sugar levels, stopping oral medication support, weight control and healthy nutrition conditions of the body as well as well-developed lifestyle choices. The condition is such where it is a clear indication that the body is unable to produce insulin while the cells of the body resist action of insulin leading to metabolic condition that gives rise to the obesity. Obesity is indirectly responsible for heart diseases, breathing problems such as shortness of breath, decreased life expectancy and other such aspects (Katsiki et al., 2019). To specify the condition, there are certain signs and symptoms that gives rise to the issue being addressed such as the individual being thirsty excessively, easily weak and fatigued, sudden weight loss, vision becomes blur, hunger is a frequent aspect, infections are unable to heal and frequent urination all day. These symptoms can be argued as a way of the body informing of the condition it is in therefore, dietary management is one of the most effective way to stop intaking oral medicines as well as insulin once the condition is under control (Khosravan, Alami & Rahni 2015). The condition though never going to completely heal must be controlled in terms of having doctor support and later self-managed.

The condition of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a condition that is expected to be never completely cured and it impacts a lot of element in the body. Glucose, hepatic glucose, liposis, amino acids, protein degradation and triglyceride synthesis are the impacts on the body when there is an insulin deficiency. Therefore, it is important to consider the significance of having a control on these conditions by establishing one of the most effective ways of non-pharmacological way of treatment that can be implemented on a patient of diabetes mellitus is dietary management (Kumar et al., 2013).

Dietary management is not a subjective implication because it has its impact on the associated problems and medical conditions a body is suffering due to the ineffectiveness of the hormonal disbalance. The dietary conditions are therefore collected and measured of an individual who is suffering from type 2 diabetes in relevance to the conditions that is expressed in the lab reports and the medication. There are certain steps that needs to be implemented so that health benefits can be experiences and one of the suggested diet management is Mediterranean diet (Naito & Miyauchi 2017). Considering not everyone’s condition and the impact of the food that is being consumers. Considering the impact of different nutrients, the MD diet constituting of nuts and fruits intake in high amount as well as a moderate amount of red meat and dairy products consumption provides the dietary pattern that can be effective for a lot of people suffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Leite et al., 2020). Implementation of dietary interventions also leads to control on the cardiovascular impacts and weaknesses of an individual and the intervention provides a better way of managing the heart diseases and its impacts on the health and safety of the body (Navarro et al., 2003).

There is certain step that can be implemented in terms of nutritional diagnosis is performed in relevance to the interventions which then implements monitoring and evaluation. The documentation of the nutrition management is therefore then lead to a better study of the body’s condition and the outcome management system can be established in the perspective of developing an effective way of interventions without consuming medicines (Norris et al., 2005). Implementation of this plan and in terms of the medical nutrition being provided can be discussed in relevance to the body mass index. Overall, the management of the nutrition must be performed in such a wat that in long term, it must have a significant change in the way diabetes type 2 is treated and controlled. Certain aspect such as behavioural changes, activities, food intake and plan, lipid level and other such elements contributes to the development of the nutrition plan (Rawal et al., 2012).

The strength of this intervention treatment is that it helps in self-management of the condition as well provide a better understanding of the condition by the patient themselves. The basis of this intervention is effective in terms of decreasing medicine intake leading to effective implementation of significance changes that makes the body more fit in terms of food consumption (Sarker et al., 2020). However, consideration of a weakness that the dietary management might have as an intervention is that not everyone is able to implement the required the food restrictions neither everyone can control it. in the long term, it might impact their growth and development in their personality. Deriving forceful means to consume food can be harmful for anyone even without the condition of diabetes (Srinivasan & Davies 2019).

The analysis of the situation can be performed effectively of the condition of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus that provides a detailed understanding of the conditions of the patients and the reason due to which a non-pharmacological intervention is necessary. Dietary management is one of the best ways to make a person stop the intake of medicinal drugs which does not has good effects on the body for long term. It is also significant in treating obesity or malnutrition considering the way the blood sugar level in a person’s body gives rise to other conditions such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension as well as obesity (Cazzola et al., 2017). According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), it is one of the ways of treating the Type 2 diabetes mellitus where the medical nutrition therapy (MNT) contributes to the development and coordination of the body into an optimal reflection of pharmacological and non-pharmacological retributions in an attempt to control the condition. On an overall integration of the MNT, it can be stated that the focus is on the decreasing of the blood sugar level which improves the control over glycaemic factors and steps such as low-calorie diet and non-nutritive sweeteners provide a better objective towards management of the condition in people. When analysing the condition by discussing about the two symptoms, specific integration of these must be performed with effective relativity to their long-term impact, Dysuria and emphysema are two ways in which the planning and implementation of MNT can be performed so as to improve the condition of these symptoms (Raveendran, Chacko & Pappachan 2018). In dysuria, frequency urination is a discomfort that makes people realise of the chances of their physical metabolism, energy, reaction to stress and other such aspects. Similarly, emphysema is another symptom that clearly indicates the impact the condition has on pulmonary functions as well as its connectivity to the complete nervous system.

It is therefore critically analysed in relevance to the planning and the implementation of MNT by making a nutrition assessment which informs of meals that have low carbohydrate intake, consistency, macro nutrients present as well as quality of the diet is healthier with the presence of fish, eggs and leafy vegetables. The conditions of the body that is experiences once the symptoms of the Type 2 diabetes mellitus shows, it is difficult to control on the first step of incurring the situation leading to anatomical damage where the body is unable to acquire energy or strength (Buysschaert & Hermans 2004). The intervention in the form of dietary management reflects on the significance of the individuals getting a better life and a better approach towards the controlling of the type 2 diabetes mellitus so that the liver and the heart of the person stays fit and keep the condition in control.  

In conclusion, it is better for the intervention of effective non-pharmacological treatment for the condition of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as an important aspect is providing a permanent and healthy solution instead of medical drugs being used. There are several signs and symptoms that gives a clear indication regarding a person’s blood sugar level condition however, in this study two signs that has been identified in terms of understanding the symptoms of the conditions are dysuria and emphysema. Both these signs are complicated and have certain symptoms that leads to a person having a test for confirming whether they are ae suffering from the condition. It is therefore important to consider that the significance of managing this disease not simple and globally a large population have it. it is due to this reason; it is a better solution for long time management of the disease to have interventions that is long term and healthy and it is completely in control of the individual to work on their condition and make it better. Dietary interventions are the best way of managing the hormone changes that the body goes through leading to controlling the condition and help the body stay fit. Effective implementation of dietary interventions which will focus on weight loss making people focus on consumption of protein, calcium and other aspects of nutrient while avoiding cholesterol and fat related food products. the summarization of the pharmacological change that the body must be put through to obtain a control on the body’s sugar level should be effective so that even if insulin should be injected in the initial stages, it must be resolved at a later stage.

References

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