ATS2723 Social Research Methods

Introduction

The purpose of this research proposal is to identify, how poverty affects Education of poor children and how does it impact their daily lifestyles. Education is the key factor that plays vital role in the development of the children with overall progress of the nation. It is one of the key factors generating the development of the economic status of any nation (Balamurali, Janflone, & Zhu, 2015). Although there are numerous strands attached with education. Poverty being one of them impacts the education at high level. Poverty is a continuous and pervasive issue across the globe with numerous deep rooted versatile effects (Ladd, 2012). The most striking and noticeable impact of the poverty is on the education which is a crucial issue all over. Poverty has turned down the child's willingness for school as it usher impoverish physical health, fine motor and gross motor skills, capability of the child to concentrate and memorize information (Smyth, Wrigley, & McInerney, 2018). It affects the attentiveness and motivation of the children.

Objectives of the study

The study aims to focus on the impact of poverty on education. It has basically three perspectives on how poverty and education are correlated.

• The first aspect discusses how the poverty formulate the educational processes, experiences its consequences. This will be understood by reviewing the relationship between education and poverty like how the socio-economic factors affect the quality of education for a child.
• Second objective is to examine how difference in the family affects a student’s performance in regard with the poverty.
• The third objective is to find out what measures have been put in place to reduce the problem of poverty while ruling out the role of public education institutions.

Poverty persists to be a head strong fact of life which impacts the wellbeing of an individual (Singal, 2014). In particular, the poverty of the children has been an ongoing distress. Poverty does not cause low achievement, but it can be considered as a contributing factor. Also, poverty is not an issue related to racism but a matter of equality among all.

Research question

The study revolves on the notion, how poverty can influence the effectiveness of the education. The research questions for the study are:

• How socio culture factors affect the effectiveness of education?
• What measures have been put in place to reduce the problem of poverty?
• What works in reducing the negative impact of poverty on education?

Literature review

Many researches are taken in to matter and are published on the concerning issue that how poverty can impact the education. One such literature review helps in providing information on the limitations and opportunities faced by the urban poor in strengthening the important benefits of education. In the first article, the study was done by Silva-Laya et al., including 66 papers from the time period of 1995 to 2017. This study summaries the urban poor's educational success as well as the settings in which they are educated (Silva-Laya, D'Angelo, García, Zúñiga, & Fernández, 2020). This study found that although the children attend schools on a regular basis, despite the fact, they are unable to completely exercise the right to education. Silva-Laya et al. argued in the study that even though students are enrolled in school, their inclusion is stratified due to material deprivation, socio-territorial characteristics, cultural, and administrative barriers.

This highlights the limitation of lack of inclusion due to cultural factors and poverty, creating challenges for educating children (Silva-Laya, D'Angelo, García, Zúñiga, & Fernández, 2020). Along with cultural factors and poverty, the findings of this study asked to think over the debate over education's role in aiding social mobility. Thus, aiming to break the cycle of poverty and education in urban areas with multi-dimensional public policies with an equitable lens is required. The limitation of this study is that it mainly relies on other people’s work in order to reach a conclusion, instead of observing current schools and children and know the actual scenario of the problem. In order to avoid this limitation in the research, primary data could be collected through survey, questionnaire and observations, to ensure that the data that is collected stay relevant to the studies done by the researchers.

Another article by Ronald Buck and Joe Deutsch examines the effects of poverty on education. According to them, there are numerous elements that contribute to a society in becoming indigent and these could be deindustrialization, inflated unemployment rates, mental illness and serious crimes issues (Buck & Deutsch, 2014). Impoverished communities’ underpass several hurdles and this study summaries that these hurdles include crumbled housing, difficulty in acquiring professional services, and the most importantly substandard education. There are numerous reasons for the inferior education (Buck & Deutsch, 2014). The students turn up to the schools with several problems which the teachers are unable to identify. The key limitation that was highlighted in the study was that the school facility does not provide sufficient infrastructure which proves to have an impact on the quality of education. At times, even the qualified teachers are not supported and encouraged by the school administration.  

School administrators also face issues in regulating the areas for allocation of the limited budget. The study concludes that the difficulties in addressing all such issues due to poverty would be a lot for any community to deal with, so to effective address and solve the issue it is better to categorized and prioritizing it (Buck & Deutsch, 2014). Through this method the issues which are less important will indirectly be handled with the major ones. A recommendation to address this issue is that much of the major issues can be handled by encouraging a positive and healthy school environment, strong sense of leadership, securing funds and active participation from the community. The necessary elements for the positive and healthy school environment comprise supportive structures, professional services with positive leadership. The study suggests that the supportive structures and professional services like teacher development and social skills for the students assist with the suitable conduct while dealing with concerns that upholds during school time (Buck & Deutsch, 2014). These procurements will help the students to understand the reason for being placed at the school with its importance.

The study focused on the fact that without proper infrastructure and the positive mindset of the general public and authority in charges the inequality will sustain and this can be avoided or taken consideration with appropriate measure for the betterment of future (Buck & Deutsch, 2014). The key limitation of this study is that it did not take into consideration cultural factors and other demographic factors that make it challenges to promote equality in education. This study focused on specific locations, rather than conducting a thorough analysis of different cultures in different countries to understand their challenges. To avoid this limitation, a randomized data collection should be conducted in studies and data should be collected from multiple cultures and countries to get a clear picture. Both the sources reviewed primary education as a key role in reducing poverty and how it is positively related with developmental outcomes.

Theoretical approach

The findings showcase how monetary value plays crucial role in perceiving quality education. There are many theories that justify this statement. One of which is economic theory, according to this perspective, the relationship between education acquisition and income is technically embedded within the human capital approach (Mihai, Å¢iÅ£an, & Manea, 2015). According to this approach, education is considered as an investment which enhances the stock of acquired skills and productive knowledge incorporated within individual.

The acquired knowledge in relation with the investment in human capital helps in increasing the productivity of people which helps people to benefit with high income (Bonal, 2016). Thus, following the application of this model, being poor in terms of income and poorly educated is correlated. But, being poorly educated does not necessarily means being poor in terms of income. It is assumed that people invest in education up to the point where the marginal cost is equal to the marginal benefit. In spite of the relative implication of education for an increase in income, individuals do not require the same amount of education (Gillies, 2017).

Therefore, according to human capital theory, education constitutes measure of development with the investment in skills and knowledge which is highly related to poverty in income. Another theory which justifies the relation between poverty and education is signaling theory. This is an extension of the human capital theory.

According to this theory, the educational achievement depicts a signal to the employer by the worker in order to showcase their degree of productivity which firms cannot observe (Karasek III & Bryant, 2012). As educational certificates or degrees can be evaluated without any cost, employers take educational qualifications as signals instead of testing the procured knowledge or skills in order to judge the potentiality of the individual (Curtis, 2018). Thus, lacks of educational qualifications are considered to be poverty itself and can conceptually be treated as a part of human poverty.

Conclusion

The evidence concludes the importance of availability and awareness of schooling and learning culture for all individuals to facilitate their level in the society. The poverty does impact the quality of education. Each of the economic and sociological aspect mentioned marks an influential contribution in better understanding of poverty impact on education. Although economic theory can justify educational poverty concept and still holds confusion in regard with changes in social and economic outlook. The government has taken important measures to uplift children and people financially and has taken opportunities to provide scholarships to poor children for their education. Continuation of such policies can bring positive impact on educational domain. Poverty is inherited by people in the society as long as monetary aspect is involved, but with better opportunities people can be uplifted for betterment.

References

Balamurali, A., Janflone, J., & Zhu, E. (2015). The Impact of Education on Poverty. Econometric Analysis Undergraduate Research Papers.

Bonal, X. (2016). Education, poverty, and the “missing link”: The limits of human capital theory as a paradigm for poverty reduction. The handbook of global education policy, 97-110.

Buck, R., & Deutsch, J. (2014). Effects of poverty on education. Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 1139-1148.

Curtis, B. (2018). Education as Poverty Reduction. Understanding Global Poverty Causes, Capabilities and Human Development, 201-221.

Gillies, D. (2017). Human capital theory in education. Encyclopedia of educational philosophy and theory, 1-5.

Karasek III, R., & Bryant, P. (2012). Signaling theory: Past, present, and future. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 11(1), 91.

Ladd, H. F. (2012). Education and poverty: Confronting the evidence. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 31(2), 203-227.

Mihai, M., Ţiţan, E., & Manea, D. (2015). Education and poverty. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32, 855-860.

Silva-Laya, M., D'Angelo, N., García, E., Zúñiga, L., & Fernández, T. (2020). Urban poverty and education. A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 29, 100280.

Singal, N. (2014). Disability, poverty and education. Routledge.

Smyth, J., Wrigley, T., & McInerney, P. (2018). Living on the edge: Rethinking poverty, class and schooling. Peter Lang.

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