BEW3555 Integrative Business Practices

Introduction

For this sustained reading, I will base my writing on the newspaper article Women risk losing working progress due to COVID-19 and ways that can be implemented to prevent loss of the jobs authored by Stephanie Moore. According to the article, it is inarguable that women, especially in America, have moved forward and advanced in the employment sector in the past fifty years based on careers, businesses, and earnings (efforts of the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg). However, all the progress risks have been undone by the on-going COVID-19 pandemic because of the disastrous effect it possesses, which will ensure total erosion of all inputted effort quickly. Therefore, in the absence of drastic measures, it becomes challenging for the women’s generation to recover from the drawbacks caused entirely. The fortunate women have professional jobs in enormous but face the risk of reducing time spent working or worse by quitting the jobs due to elevated demands for child care. This is because women tend to be more reliable in child care in a household than the husbands, and the situation only aggravated in this pandemic due to lockdowns imposed. Organizations and companies can halt the process of progressive loss of jobs by women by relying on their capabilities and duties.

As the world is still struggling to attain gender equality, black women become more susceptible to lose their jobs than other women, although they are all in danger of losing their employments. Regardless, professional women like engineers and lawyers will have more to lose because of their significant advancements both academically and financially and still going back to child care because their time is more required to cater to their necessities like a drive to school. The companies can intervene in the situation and aid the progressive loss of jobs by women by enforcing adequate communication with employees and come to an understanding. Second, the companies have to allow flexibility of women while at their jobs and upon the men so that they can aid in child care activities. Lastly, companies can assist in childcare by either providence of resources or information.

Based on this newspaper article, the following theoretical principles will be most appropriate in the evaluation and critical analysis according to the business thesis; (i) theoretical and global commerce and (ii) values and identity.

(i) Theoretical and Global Commerce

This theory is made up of two words that can be defined separately; commerce and global commerce. Commerce is a terminology used to describe selling and buying activities but on large masses (Eastman, 2017, p.9). Global commerce is used to describe the overall economic activities exchanging goods and services within enormously diverse localities. The series of processes that socially concentrate create and multiply the exchange rates and other interdependencies internationally while establishing a relationship that gradually grows among the distant persons and locals are known as globalization (Steger, 2017, p.86). However, a medium is required for global commerce because there must be an interactive platform. The following is required as a means for exchange that necessitates global commerce; networks, organizations, convections and cultural beliefs, institutions, and markets. Each of these elements defines the nature of global commerce and depends on each, and omission on one renders the entire process incomplete. In the markets, matters about demand and supply are dealt with. Within the organizations, a relationship of hierarchies and power such as manufacturing and buying is conducted.  In an institution, there are set rules which must be followed to complete the cycle, whereas the networks depict visible and intangible connection. The norms, cultures, and convections can either be learned or personally developed habits by repetitive actions in a given time. Since globalization is inclusive and almost affects every corner of society, it also avails numerous rumours such as “brain gain,” increased trading, elevated migration rates, intensified spread of communication, and elevated rates of direct foreign investments (Clark et al., 2015, p.11).

This theoretical underpinning is applicable to the article Women risk losing working progress due to COVID-19 because its makeup allows a complete analysis of the article based on various fundamental factors. For instance, organizations can depict the industries where women with professional capabilities are employed, networks portray the relationships that women have with their employees and fellow employees, and culture and norms which will be profoundly analysed in this writing will consist of behaviours and practices that result in the progressive loss of jobs by women due to believing that their availability is exclusively needed in household chores and childcare.  

Global commerce has progressively advanced and evolved with time to what it is today; from the ancient world, medieval age, renaissance, the industrial revolution, the twentieth-century update (Sobel, 2016, p.1045.). The same way as women, especially in America, have portrayed notable changes in workplaces with time in terms of careers, employment, and salaries. Dependency theory, as defined under the global commerce theory, shows how women in this pandemic period are affected: (a) socially, due to conflicts of unequal treatment, especially women of colour. Black women are more prone to losing their jobs than other women, although both are at risk of losing their job or reducing working hours to cater to their families. (b) economically, it is a result of either underdevelopment or development in the country (Agbebi, and Virtanen, 2017, p.415). In this case, women lose their jobs in developed countries or undeveloped countries regardless of having professional careers and good earning because fatherhood is considered as working-class and provide and the women housekeepers. However, women without children also suffer the same problems of losing jobs due to been assigned positions in companies that can be easily disposed of in case of liabilities, thus equally losing their job as women with professional career jobs. (c) Politically, it is due to enforced virtues by the government; in the article, the government mandate rules of keeping social distancing and lockdowns in this pandemic period (Ho, Liao, and Rosenthal, 2015, p.79). The action by the government pressurizes already struggling nations to ensure gender equality, and women suffer heavier blow than men because children need more attention than ever to maintain their health, school life, and know famous online learning processes.

The big picture, sugar and spice by Beinhocker were a real-life representation of the working environment; source of energy, physical space, and various different environments. This is because an idea of social inequality is portrayed whereby in the Sugarscape world, there is disequilibrium. It relates to socially responsible practices where the agents are women who are in specific industrial spaces where they can either decide to continue eating the sugar (working) or move to other environments (Pollitt et al., 2020, p.219). Introduction of sex shifts roles because when two agents come together and acquire offspring’s, then it is a necessity they both provide to their children. Therefore when duties of childcare fall heavily on women today, then this theory becomes eventful, which should not be the case, and to ensure this does not happen then rules should be imposed on the companies and provide assistance “savings” to both male and female to raise up their offsprings.

(ii) Values and Identity

Alternatively, the risk that is faced by women in their employment at this COVID period is also analysed in values and identity. This is because identity is associated with the classification of our place in the world and determines the personality of an individual.  According to the Primordialist approach, identity can be classified according to one’s Biology, ethnicity, and ancestry (Coakley, 2018, p.337). However, there is also a strong connection between identity and behaviour; for instance, it may differ whether someone, after graduating from a university, a graduate will decide to seek a job, further the education level, or even settle on another possibility according to their behaviour. Therefore, identity can be institutionalized, collective, or organizational identity. Since identity and value are the basis of this perspective, it is worth noting that it deals with the allocation of resources and their categorization.

In a collective identity, the experience of an individual is transformed into the experience of all individuals (Milan, 2015, p.888). Thus, their status has been ontological. When identity is institutional, then there are norms in which various activities are conducted, and therefore it is defined according to the status, duties, and even rights of people; an example is a husband and wife. For an organizational identity, there is a classification of members according to their unequivocal goals in the institution; thus, labour is divided according to each individual’s specialization and decision-making capability. For instance, collective identity is maintained for all members of the Apple organization despite the demise of Steve Jobs, a CEO, co-founder, and chairman, in 2011 (JuzelÄ¿nienÄ¿, Petronien,  and Kopylova, 2016, p.804). However, this perspective is not without fault because in case of penalties, or rewards are equally endured by all personnel, including shame and honour. It is due to discourse and identity that I opted for this theoretical underpinning in the analysis of the article because Discourse acts as the original daily life activities in the form of laws and rules, ritualized speeches, narratives, and written archives (Jenkins, 2008, p.159). The four criteria followed in a ritualized speech include:

• Symbolic media
• Language (text)
• Communication media and
• Visual representation.

For companies to effectively aid in eradicating the impending doom of women losing their job permanently in this troubled time, then there are specific guidelines which are followed. The first directive that the companies opt to implement is communication. This is because, as Jenkins stated how speech is ritualized; the management can commune with employees on ways in which can better their working condition, which may include some employees sharing their schedule with their company administrators for working hours to be adjusted accordingly. This measure dramatically contributes to evading loss of jobs or quitting by women who cannot work and at the same time serve increased household duties and child care in this pandemic period. A language is, therefore, a robust tool, and when appropriately used, then flexible policies can be made by management which allows persons with demanding need to address their children work from home while also monitoring their children there attaining both responsibilities effectively (Kulkarni, 2015, p.135).

Adopting social interaction is applicable in commercial practices because it assists in the development of an excellent mental context by relating them to reality which affects our actions, perceptions, motivations, and lately, how the local institutions are constructed (Couper, and Selting, 2017, p.159). Our perceptions that women are the only individuals supposed to address most household chores and child care can be changed upon the implementation of social interactions. Therefore, the chores will no longer be a burden to women but will be equally shared with the fathers, and no more jobs will be lost to women due to this problem again.

Besides, Social integration promotes implementation discourse based on how we grow up, and therefore, if good perceptions are imposed from early age or period, then our actions in due dates at the communal institutions or companies will not reflect biases based on gender or perception that there is a chore for male and chores for female (Uchino et al., 2018, p.482). In an institution, there is an existence of technical jargon that is only applicable to that institution and is referred to as institutional dialogue. It is vital to note that the institutional dialogues should not be used to discriminate against those who have no understanding of their meaning. For instance, if a woman is working from home, she may not be able to comprehend what some terms mean upon resuming norming working routine; during this period, such person should not be humiliated or insulted.

Conclusion

In the above analysis of the newspaper article, there are two theoretical principles used; first, the theoretical and global commerce, and the second is the values and Identity.  In global commerce, dependency theory which consists of social, economic, and political, portrays how these three effectors affect different organizations in our communities today. Women are limited and do not receive equal chances compared to men, such as professional jobs or assistance in child care, and as a result, they suffer a blow both socially, economically, and in politics. However, the hypothesis “the big picture, sugar, and spice” argues that the rich to poverty level is 80% to 20% but issues a way out in Sugarscape. In Sugarcane, the roles can be exchanged until equilibrium is attained where individuals of the opposite sex can come together and equally contribute to the growth and development of their children using their “savings.”

Likewise, in values and Identity, language is the most significant factor that must be considered by the entire employment sector to achieve equality in the working environment for both females and males.

References

Agbebi, M. and Virtanen, P., 2017, September. Dependency theory–a conceptual lens to understand China’s presence in Africa?. In Forum for Development Studies (Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 429-451). Routledge.

Clark, T., Van den Brand, M., Combemale, B. and Rumpe, B., 2015. Conceptual model of the globalization for domain-specific languages. In Globalizing Domain-Specific Languages (pp. 7-20). Springer, Cham.

Coakley, J., 2018. ‘Primordialism’in nationalism studies: theory or ideology?. Nations and Nationalism, 24(2), pp.327-347.

Couper-Kuhlen, E. and Selting, M., 2017. Interactional linguistics: Studying language in social interaction. Cambridge University Press.

Eastman, J.C., 2017. The Power to Control Immigration is a Core Aspect of Sovereignty. Harv. JL & Pub. Pol’y, 40, p.9.

Ho, S.S., Liao, Y. and Rosenthal, S., 2015. Applying the theory of planned behavior and media dependency theory: Predictors of public pro-environmental behavioral intentions in Singapore. Environmental Communication, 9(1), pp.77-99.

Jenkins, R., 2008. Erving Goffman: A major theorist of power?. Journal of Power, 1(2), pp.157-168.

JuzelÄ¿nienÄ¿, S., PetronienÄ¿, S. and Kopylova, K., 2016. The Translation of Proper Names from English to Lithuanian inâ¿¿ Steve Jobsâ¿¿ by W. Isaacson. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, pp.800-805.

Kulkarni, M., 2015. Language‐based diversity and faultlines in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), pp.128-146.

Milan, S., 2015. From social movements to cloud protesting: the evolution of collective identity. Information, Communication & Society, 18(8), pp.887-900.

Pollitt, H., Lewney, R., Bence, K.D. and Xinru, L., 2020. A Post-Keynesian approach to modelling the economic effects of Covid-19 and possible recovery plans.

Sobel-Read, K.B., 2016. A new model of sovereignty in the contemporary era of integrated global commerce: What anthropology contributes to the shortcomings of legal scholarship. Vand. J. Transnat'l L., 49, p.1045.

Steger, M.B., 2017. Globalization: A very short introduction (Vol. 86). Oxford University Press.

Uchino, B.N., Trettevik, R., Kent de Grey, R.G., Cronan, S., Hogan, J. and Baucom, B.R., 2018. Social support, social integration, and inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 37(5), p.462.

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