BG4215 Biomedical Nanotechnology

From a scientific point of view, the matter is made up of millions of tiny particles. Particles are of different diameters, and in recent research, scientists have been focusing on the ultrafine particle called a nanoparticle. A nanoparticle is a particle of matter whose diameter is between 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). The knowledge of nanoparticles has raised concerns about their applicability in nanotechnology. The technology is affected by tiny materials known as nanomaterials and combines science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (Cojocaru et al., 2020). The medical sector is one area where this technology is being tested. However, there are controversial concepts on nanotechnology's application and treatment effectiveness, like in tumor therapy. Joshua Reineke researched the reliability of nanotech in medicine and, in his journal article, argued that nanoparticle targeting does not exist (Reineke, 2018). I am totally in agreement that nanoparticle targeting does not exist.

According to the observations made on nanotechnology's usefulness in medicine, some worldwide highly trained, experienced, and recognized doctors believe in the promise of nanomedicine (Shi, 2017). But up to now, the promise keeps on fading. The belief of medical tacticians that nanoparticles can reach tumors remains a dream, just like Napoleon thought of victory because of his strong army and having 98% of soldiers killed in an analogous case to a promising possibility of nanomedicine. It has remained a question to ponder in our minds since many clinical studies have failed (Reineke, 2018). Additionally, clinicians only focus on nanomedicine to treat tumors while there are still other diseases without cure and have not been addressed in this technology.

Terminology matters when it comes to explaining the real process of medical treatment (Reineke, 2018). Active targeting, for instance, is a misleading term because it means nanoparticles will go directly to targeted sites of the body and detect cell receptors, protein components, or blood constituents and perform the required curing actions. In contrast, in a real sense, active targeting has to seek the target cells literarily. But this is not the case because if this was true, most of the diseases could not have been a problem to us and even animals. Diseases like TB, COVID-19, and cancer could be a thing of the past (Bae, 2020). Therefore, nanomedicine has little or nothing to do with treatment processes.

Like the way the GPS does not actively take you to your intended destination but tells you whether you are in the right place, the same case applies to targeting ligand, which does not actively transport nanoparticle to desired sites (Reineke, 2018). The ligand only retains the nanoparticle at the distributed site. So it is better to use the term ‘retention ligand instead. Therefore there is nothing like active targeting; retention ligand is the term to use. (Reineke, 2018). Changing the terminology used in this case creates room for more research, and probably the future of the study is brighter than just presenting misleading tumor treatment concepts.

In essence, nanotechnology is just an imaginary thing on earth. I fail to support it because medicine is a matter of dealing with people and human lives, and nanomedicine has been unable to explain how nanoparticles can reach targeted tumor cells when killing cancerous cells.

References

Bae, Y. H., & Park, K. (2020). Advanced drug delivery 2020 and beyond: Perspectives on the future. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews.

Cojocaru, F. D., Botezat, D., Gardikiotis, I., Uritu, C. M., Dodi, G., Trandafir, L., ... & Mihai, C. T. (2020). Nanomaterials designed for antiviral drug delivery transport across biological barriers. Pharmaceutics, 12(2), 171.

Reineke, J. (2018). Terminology matters: there is no targeting but retention. J Control Release, 273, 180-183.

Shi, J., Kantoff, P. W., Wooster, R., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2017). Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Nature reviews cancer, 17(1), 20.

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