CS253 Web Security

Different types of software designs are categorized as design which associated with Architectural model, High-level design and detailed design of the model or software. The architectural design represents the primary step of designing. It provides to the system or its application as a method, with more collaborating elements. The High-level design is the second step of software designing (Grant et al., 2015). High level software design concept shows modular arrangements of different sub-systems and along with their connection and cooperation between them. The detailed design is the third level of designing. At this level accomplishment part is dealt, which can be by the system. This level of software designing is more elaborated as Compared to previously mentioned two designs. The software implementation resource assists the organisation to select right software according to needs (Lee & Lee, 2015). Regardless how big or small is your business, implementing new software is not so easy. It requires careful planning auction and auditing for quality production. There are lot of challenges in software implementation processes. One of the main issues during software implementation remains the software legacy. During some extreme cases, the organization may have to go through massive legacy system.

Software implementation phase includes the conversion of software TDP ( Technical Data Package) of software into one or many integrated, built and tested software configuration parts those were ready to software implementation testing (Griffith, 2016). The software implementation has certain important activities. The fabrication of software units have to satisfy the specification of the structural unit. Assembly, testing and integration of software components should form a soft configuration item. Prototyping challenging components should be taken. Dry-run acceptance testing procedures are to be taken.

Software project remains unfinished if testing of software is not done. Software testing is about checking the function capabilities in accordance to its specifications. Fundamentally the primary needs of soft tests to extract bugs and to increase its performance along with its security. Grossly there are two types of software testing such as the Functional testing and Non-Functional testing The Functional testing is related to function side of software applications. Under the functional testing, varieties are done viz; Unit testing, Integration testing, End-to-end testing, Smoke testing, Sanity testing, Regression testing, Interface testing, Black box testing, white box testing, and Acceptance testing. Functional tests are done both by automation tools and manually. The Non-Functional testing is done for Non-Functional aspects of software application such as performance, reliability, usefulness, security and so on. Non-Functional testing’s generally not done by manually. There are several varieties of Non-Functional tests viz; Performance e testing, Security testing, Load testing,  Failover testing, Usability testing, Compatibility testing, Scalability testing, Compliance testing, Maintainability testing , Efficiency testing, Disaster recovery testing, Endurance testing, Internationalization testing and Localization testing.

There are full featured operating systems for desktop and laptop computers. They have fast CPU (central processing unit), large amount of disk space and high quantity of RAM (Random access memory). They also utilize the features of modern chipses which are not available for most of the smartphones. Both android as well as iOS mobile operating systems are specialized for definite set of devices. The ecosystem of mobile apps together with devices is highly communicated with corresponding hardware features. Newest applications cannot run on anyone’s older version of mobile operating system. The data operating system is applied by the use of keyboard and mouse for input in desktop computer as well as in the laptops. As compared to standard computer, onscreen touch keyboard is much smaller in a smartphone. The smaller size of the keyboard creates many problems for the users who have big fingers.

Nowadays we cannot stay without computers of various sizes and forms. Sometimes it poses problems whether to purchase smartphone or a laptop. The modern designed smartphones are comparatively bigger and faster and one can use such smartphone as a computer. Comparing the smartphone with laptop one should be very clear that they cannot replace each other, however there are cheaper  laptops similar to the cost of the smartphones available in the market. Design for different purposes they are both mobile computers. Thus smartphones are portable as compared to that of the laptops. Though the smartphones are more and more powerful nowadays they cannot replace the laptops completely in near future as both are used differently for different purposes. The difference between the performance of smartphone CPU and laptop CPU is quite noticeable. The processors of smartphones are getting more powerful every year, the laptop’s processors, designed for windows also remains more powerful. Most of the notebooks work for about 10-12 hours per day whereas smartphone may be used for 20 hours. The battery lifespan is about 4 years and after 500 recharge circles they start losing the capacity. To keep the lifespan of the battery for more time it is recommended to keep the device away from the heat. The difference between laptop and smartphones is one can use laptop without batteries by plugin in with electricity. Such facilities not provided for mobile working system (Almorsy, Grundy & Müller, 2016). The laptops are usually having more internal memory, on average 512 GB (gigabyte). However, the smartphones lag behind with minimum of 125 GB. The notebooks are usually available with 8-15 GB RAM which is very similar to smartphone (Baun & Kunze, 2019). In laptop there should not be designed for low RAM capacity. The laptop has more ports thereby can be connected with different devices, DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) drives, hard drives and so on whereas, in case of smartphones only USB(Universal Serial Bus) and headphone jack can port the connectivity. So far wireless connectivity is concerned; both the laptop and the smartphones are being operated through WIFI and Bluetooth connection. The operating systems in the laptop computers are less limited as compared to smartphone (Akherfi,  Gerndt & Harroud, 2018).  Laptop’s functional capabilities are much better than the smartphone. The smartphones are comparatively less comfortable while typing. Internal memory of smartphone is usually smaller, however phones are comparatively cheaper. The cloud computing is the most recent technology for storage and access of the data. The computing services viz; servers, database, storage, networking, analytics, software and intelligence over the Internet are being delivered by the cloud computing because cloud offers speedy innovation. (Rittinghouse & Ransome, 2016). The cloud computing is further categorized into three sub section namely; infrastructure as service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS) (Almorsy, Grundy & Müller, 2016). The benefit of the cloud computing can be enumerated as reduce IT cost, scalability, business continuity, efficient collaboration, flexibility in working practice and automatic updating. It is important to understand the risk associated with the use of cloud computing. Most of its risks are associated with security purposes and the leakage of the data of the organization (Baun & Kunze, 2019). Quite good numbers of project works have been done on the application of the cloud computing for mobile phones. Smartphones capabilities are daily increasing and the cloud computing has also succeeded in network-based application. Next project will be aimed towards the adoption of the cloud computing details on smartphone or on tablet areas. Cloud computing is the service platform for the players in the sector of google, amazon and Microsoft. The cloud-based data, its application and the services designed for mobile phones is designated as mobile cloud. (Mocrii, Chen & Musilek, 2018). This is what that makes the possibility of application. Its services are delivered to users of mobile phones which is connected through remote cloud server or environment. (Abolfazli et al., 2015). In order to bring enriched computer resources to mobile users, the mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been formed. MCC has been performed by a combination of cloud computing, mobile computing and wireless network.

The cloud apps can be accessed from both desktop and mobile device alike. A mobile cloud app does not need to be downloaded, these apps needs an internet connection to function. The scalability of the web app is limited whereas cloud app of mobile is highly scalable. (Maksymyuk et al., 2017). The user’s data and the business processes for web app are stored in a single datacentre whereas cloud apps there are various centres to store the replicated data. The web app has single tenancy solution whereas cloud apps are poly-tenancy solution The global lockdown has provided everyone to get engaged in the one’s home day in any day out. Therefore there are so many fields to remain busy in isolated from work places. Futuristic development of software designing may invite attention of world. Till these become household phenomena, we continue to stay with existing software designing. Here are few futuristic software developments. They are Artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IOT), Cybersecurity, Block-chain, Low-Code development, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. The Artificial Intelligence is high profiled technology which allowed the computer system several wonderful functions like speech recognition, voice identification and decision making? Internet of Things (IOT) is a computer technology that allows the data transfer, without any person’s intervention. Cybersecurity is very essential for the security of piracy usually encountered. Block-chain technology has put tremendous effects on data world and record keeping (Yaga et al., 2019). It's very important for both Information Technology and Computer science technology. Block-chain technology is the safest and secured means for data keeping which immutable in nature. The low-code development is the technology for those who enjoy the applications development. This has simplified the process of application development. Augmented reality is an interesting technology that creates a live interactive situation whereas physical world is joined with 3D virtual world. The Virtual Reality is a magical technology which creates virtual image in association with computer.

References:

Abolfazli, S., Sanaei, Z., Sanaei, M. H., Shojafar, M., & Gani, A. (2015). Mobile cloud computing: The-state-of-the-art, challenges, and future research.

Akherfi, K., Gerndt, M., & Harroud, H. (2018). Mobile cloud computing for computation offloading: Issues and challenges. Applied computing and informatics, 14(1), 1-16.

Almorsy, M., Grundy, J., & Müller, I. (2016). An analysis of the cloud computing security problem. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107.

Baun, C., & Kunze, M. (2019). Cloud computing Web-basierte dynamische IT-services. Springer-Verlag.

Grant, M. M., Tamim, S., Brown, D. B., Sweeney, J. P., Ferguson, F. K., & Jones, L. B. (2015). Teaching and learning with mobile computing devices: Case study in K-12 classrooms. TechTrends, 59(4), 32-45.

Griffith, E. (2016). What is cloud computing. Retrieved from PC Mag: http://au. pcmag. com/networking-communications-software-products/29902/feature/what-is-cloud-computing.

Lee, I., & Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), 431-440.

Maksymyuk, T., Dumych, S., Brych, M., Satria, D., & Jo, M. (2017, January). An IoT based monitoring framework for software defined 5G mobile networks. In Proceedings of the 11th international conference on ubiquitous information management and communication (pp. 1-4).

Mocrii, D., Chen, Y., & Musilek, P. (2018). IoT-based smart homes: A review of system architecture, software, communications, privacy and security. Internet of Things, 1, 81-98.

Rittinghouse, J. W., & Ransome, J. F. (2016). Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press.

Yaga, D., Mell, P., Roby, N., & Scarfone, K. (2019). Blockchain technology overview. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.11078.

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