ADL523 Research Methodology

Paper Review.

UK Rail Workers Perception of Accidents Risk Factor by Morgan et al 2016

Young, M.S. and Steel, 2017. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, it has an aim of fatigue identification in the industry, management and preventive measures. Gander, et al 2011. Accident Analysis and Prevention, it focuses factors that can be used in managing and preventing risks in the rail industry. Wong, J.H. and Kellaway, 2016. Fatigue and safety at work. The journal helps in determining the proneness of the accidents.

`In this paper, the authors analyze how the rail workers perceive the accidents risk factors at their workplace and what causes them. They argue that on-fatal accidents are very frequent in the rail work. When Accidents occur due to fatigue, they jeopardize the worker's ability to work, health, and safety (Morgan et al. 2016 pp103-113).  The authors had the main aim of investigating fatigue, its risks, an association of fatigue with workers' performance.

To get more information or to collect data from workers concerning the issue of how fatigue and bad decision-making leads to accidents in the railway industry. interviews were used to explore the perception of workers on the causes of the accidents and get more information on the working condition of the area and questionnaire sent to their emails concerning the issues. After analysis of the results, they showed that a higher percentage of workers suffered from fatigue because of high level of noises, early morning and night shifts.

According to the article the research question answered were: the most common types of accident that occurs, what could be the possible cause, safety measures taken in case of an accident and prevention of an accident and the effect of the working condition on their health.

The paper, therefore, contributes to the problem by generating five themes that can be used in getting to understand the causes of the problems better. Among the themes discussed are "Decision making and error" and "pressure and fatigue," but there were other themes, but the authors did not explore them in-depth. The main aim of this paper review is to examine the risk factors which are associated with the rail industry pressure and fatigue, and decision-making error.

The authors provide an excellent analysis of the two themes discussed in detail in the paper. They argue that fatigue is a severe problem in the rail industry, it affecting the health and safety of the workers.  According to (Tsao et al. 2017), fatigue occurs when there is a prolonged workload with insufficient rest or sleep. Studies have shown a positive association between fatigue and the workload in the training industry among the drivers and other workers in the same area. The high workload and overtime have been among the major causes of the high level of pressure and fatigue in the rail industry (Caldwell et al 2019pp 272-289). Due to this, it results in perceptive disconnection in every worker task, and when it happens to drivers, it leads to an increased level of accidents that no one can understand (Smith, Smith and H.N. 2017pp251-263). Workers with a different lifestyle from the others in the Train industry, such as smokers, are more likely to suffer high levels of fatigue and pressure because smokers and alcohol takers are usually subjected to low sleep quality hence can easily be affected by fatigue (Vignesh Kumar

Night shifts, early morning shifts, and high noise levels also cause fatigue to engineers maintaining the train, conductors, and drivers (Ganesan et al. 2019pp1-13).  According to WHO high level of noise causes intolerances, distractions, and poor health outcomes.

According to the Authors of the article, many accidents happen due to error and decision-making in the rail industry and that they are associated with fatigue through drowsiness, working time The highest percentage of workers usually works on night shifts hence exposed to loud noises and fumes (Farrington-Darby et al. 2017pp383-392). 

The main importance of the study is that it helped the authors identify what causes the accidents in the rail industry, the high level of fatigue and how it affects employees from different

In conclusion, the Authors gave the workers a platform to express themselves. Hence, they got to understand the main causes of fatigue in the industry. The study helps in looking for better ways of minimizing the occurrence of risks by exercising the best safety measures and reporting the accidents whenever they occur.

References.

Caldwell, J.A., Caldwell, J.L., Thompson, L.A. and Lieberman, H.R., 2019. Fatigue and its management in the workplace. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 96, pp.272-289.

Fan, J. and Smith, A.P., 2018. A preliminary review of fatigue among rail staff. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, p.634.

  Farrington-Darby, T., Pickup, L., Wilson, R. and Adams, L., 2017. Understanding safety culture and strategies for improvement in railway maintenance. In Rail Human Factors (pp. 383-392). Routledge.

Ganesan, S., Magee, M., Stone, J.E., Mulhall, M.D., Collins, A., Howard, M.E., Lockley, S.W., Rajaratnam, S.M., and Sletten, T.L., 2019. The impact of shift work on sleep, alertness, and performance in healthcare workers. Scientific reports, 9(1), pp.1-13.

Morgan, J.I., Abbott, R., Furness, P., and Ramsay, J., 2016. UK rail workers' perceptions of accident risk factors: an exploratory study. International journal of industrial ergonomics, 55, pp.103-113.

Smith, A.P. and Smith, H.N., 2017, June. Workload, fatigue, and performance in the rail industry. In International Symposium on Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications (pp. 251-263). Springer, Cham.

Tsao, L., Chang, J. and Ma, L., 2017. Fatigue of Chinese railway employees and its influential factors: structural equation modeling. Applied ergonomics, 62, pp.131-141.

Vigneshkumar, C., Urmi Ravindra Salve, and K. Saravana Muthu. "Differences of Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) Consciousness among Indian Construction Industry." In Urbanization Challenges in Emerging Economies: Energy and Water Infrastructure; Transportation Infrastructure; and Planning and Financing, pp. 428-433. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018.

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