BMG705 Global Business in Context

Assignemnt 1:

New digital media, starting with the internet, the World Wide Web and websites, and continuing with social media, have supported the expansion of globalisation.  Select three different areas in which you can observe this effect, discuss why they have occurred, and what effects that the digital medium has had on globalisation, making specific links and providing examples.

Introduction:

Globalisation is the term that can be defined as the concept that deals with integrating the business activities, culture and political framework of the countries across the boundaries. This results in developing the single world market and global economy (Bates, 2010). This is the report that focuses on the concept o digital media and internet along with its impact on the expansion of globalisation. This report aims at recognizing the three main areas of globalisation and discuses about the relation between digital media and those areas with various examples.

Overview of the definition:

Digital media: digital media refers to the content of different types such as photo, video, written content etc. which is encoded or is digitally compressed. It can be defined as the digitalised content that can be transferred or shred through the medium of internet and also requires computer networks (Song and Tai, 2007). The digital media follows the process of converting the analogy signals into digital data. With the advancement in the technology and the internet, digital media is all over the place now and everything can be shared without distant restriction and because of digital media content. This requires understanding more definition such as of internet.

Internet: internet can be defined as the facility that can be attained by accessing the computer networks. It is a mechanism through which millions of people remain connected with each other through a network on the World Wide Web (Ukpere, 2007).  Internet has the capability that allows the people to access the service related to any kind of information. The major aim of internet is that it supports or facilitated the humans to communicate and share information. This again requires understanding about a new term called World Wide Web.

World wide web: world wide web or popularly known as WWW is the space that allow the user to keep the information, document and other wen resources that can be uniquely identified as uniform resource locater that is URL. It is very similar to internet but it is different though. Internet is the network while WWW is the network space where the information is kept. Internet thus provides a medium to share and access that information that is present on the WWW URLs.

Social media: with the advancement in the internet and the web, a new technology has emerged which has created a boon in the sector of technology and communication media. That is known as social media. As the name suggests, it is the type of media that has been used for being social or for communication purpose (Huang, 2007). There are many platforms available now a day for the user to avail the facility of communicating with each other without any restriction of distances. These platforms are known as social media platforms. Other than communication, there are many advantages of social media which can be studied further in this report.

Globalisation: globalisation can be defined as the concept that facilitates the counties to integrate their market to form a single united market in the global economy. This leads to interconnectedness amongst the various countries (Marlina, 2013). It is referred to as the on-going process that links the people, cities, markets, economy, and culture tec. It brings several opportunities as well as the barriers. It can be of different types such as economic globalisation, Cultural globalisation and political globalisation.

Internet: inception to present:

In earlier times, communication through great distances can be done by written communication methods which were delivered by hand from one person to another that are known as, letters.

In the year of 1792, the telegraph was created. This permitted messages to be delivered through long distances and was considered as the very fast service of that time (Dunning, 2012). Although telegraph messages were not so long, this was an innovative way to transfer news and information.

Although no longer popular outside of drive-through banking, the pneumatic post, developed in 1865, created another way for letters to be delivered quickly between recipients. A pneumatic post utilizes underground pressurized air tubes to carry capsules from one area to another.

Radio and telecom are then developed. Both of these technologies are used by people even today (Hopkins, 2011). The difference is that, there are many versions available now days for the use of the people and the advancement in technology has improved the quality of these devices.  After that, technology has took new turn that was really amazing, in the 20^th century, it undergoes great changes and the first computer was developed in the year of 1940’s. As the computer developed, the people or the scientists were trying to figure out the ways in which those computers find a network to get connected. This thinking of the scientists leads to the invention of internet (Marginson and Van der Wende, 2007). Email was the first method that was used and developed for the purpose of communication which was sent through the medium called as internet. In the year of 1980’s, home computers were become very common and this creates the demand of inventing something that can facilitate the humans to communicate socially with their relatives and friends and it is the ear where the birth of social media took place.

Social media is the platform that helps the user to communicate and make connections with each other. It is compute based platform that is developed because of the advancement that has taken place in internet. With the change in the internet and the technology, the social media platforms have also undergone any alterations and mutations which are very much beneficial. After the development of web 2.0, Facebook that is considered as the most popular social media platform have opened to public. Social media is thought to be the platform that is democratized in nature because it allows everyone to speak up their voice (Fosdick, 2012).

Internet and globalisation:

As discussed in the above section that internet is really an important part of the lives of people these days. It has been analysed that it is not only affecting the individual and their workings but also affecting the business activities. There are various networks that have been generated such as LAN, MAN and WAN (Schmitz Weiss and Higgins Joyce, 2009). All these networks helps in connecting the sever computers with the client computers. Thus, these are the networks that help the businesses to share the information overcoming the barriers of distances. As businesses are not restricted to the national land, it has been analysed that internet is supporting the businesses to cross the borders and prefer their operation overseas. It can be said that globalisation can only be possible after the advancement in the internet and information technology field in the 20the century. Information technology and internet are the drivers that supports and catalyse the actions of integrating the global markets in order to unite the market of different nations (Reading, 2011). It is very difficult to make discussions on every single technological advantage but some of the successful and influential advancement and their impact on globalisation can be studied.

Impact of personal computers: development of computer devices and installation of windows makes the efficient enough to support the globalisation activities of the business. personal computers allow the business people to generate their own content, content it into the digitalised media and sent it to the devices to which they wants to share that particular information all around the world and the medium through which this information travel is internet medium. Later on, dial up connection has been invented that allow the user to connect by emails. Not only emails but there are other options also available with the businesses to convey their messages such as fax machines, dial up, etc (Kalay, Kvan and Affleck,2007). which also require internet connection to transfer the data. This common platform gave individuals both reach and scale, as they could create and distribute information in so many different ways and send their information to so many more people around the world.

World Wide Web impact: the development and invention of World Wide Web have influenced the evolution of globalisation greatly (Flew, 2007). Prior to this invention, internet was the medium that was used to make the connections all over the globe but with the development and involvement of World Wide Web in the businesses, the people got more exposure to post their own digital content which can be seen by anyone who has the access to World Wide Web. Internet can be defined as the series of networks that transfers stack of information at great speed but that is the importance of the web is that it acts as the link or bridge between the computer and the internet (Nugroho, 2008). Web is the element that has provides ease to the user to make use of the internet. As the web has invented, the use of internet has increased and number of users as well. Along with the number of user increase, it has been analysed that the invention of web has also accelerated the pace of globalisation. The internet enhanced the growth of globalization because it allows faster distribution of information almost promptly across the globe. With the web now in place users needed a common way of viewing the web and a small company named Netscape would give users what they needed. This company has developed the browser that made the Internet accessible for almost anyone, because it gave everyone a common way of retrieving and sharing information and digital content. In this way, people all over the world could be guaranteed that someone across the globe was accessing similar information in the same way as they were and in that way people could communicate with people from all over the world like never before (Aina, 2007).

Impact of internet and social media on different types of globalisation:

There are different areas of globalisation such as political, economic and social. This is because the globalisation is supporting the integration of various aspects of the countries and not just the businesses. conducting businesses overseas not only require the company o integrate the economy and market but also require to accept the cultural and political framework of that foreign country and integrating all of them results in actual globalisation.

Economic globalisation: it refers to the flow of services, capital and goods over the overseas market that helps in strengthening the economy of the companies in both the nations who are dealing with each other.

Political globalisation: this refers to integration and diffusion of the government policies at the international level.

Social globalisation: this is also called as cultural globalisation that helps in integrating the culture and developing the unity by accepting the various types of culture all over the globe.

Enhancement in the pace of globalisation and digital media advancement, internet and web technologies are directly linked with each other. The development and integration of information technology and communication elements such as internet, digital media, social media etc. are the most important aspects of globalisation which plays a great role in developing and speeding the globalisation activities in the world. Internet provides a great platform for the companies to perform the activities of businesses which creates high development and improved communication infrastructure. This also results in declining cost of business activities all over the world (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).

Impact on economic globalisation expansion: 

As far as the economic point of view of globalization is considered, it has been analyzed that globalization is allowing the developed countries to outsource their work from the developing or emerging economies such as India, Philippines and China (Artz and Kamalipour, 2012). This is helping the developed countries to shift their focus on making innovations and expansion in their businesses and also helping the developing countries to have better finances and employment opportunities. This develops a win-win situation for both the types of the economies. It has been analyzed that any of the development in telecommunication and internet services results in better economic conditions of the merging economy countries as compared to developed countries. For instance, of China is taken into consideration, it has been analyzed that it is installing broadband services to its urban area with great speed. Two third of China’s population is still untouched from getting into online connections and this is the reason it has great potential to develop than US. 30 percent of the whole market of China is into online retail marketing. In terms of social media, there are various platforms that are available for the companies to develop and enhance their communication strategies (Mossberger, Tolbert and McNeal, 2007). One of the major tools that are available for the companies are Skype, Facebook, etc. even the small businesses can be conduct international business activities because of these online sources or platforms. Many good and services are traded these days over the countries because of the online business activities. For instance, around millions of clothing companies are doing their business online and sending their products from India to Pakistan, Bangladesh etc.

Because of digital media, many small proprietorship businesses now have an international operating region. If the internet shuts down tomorrow, then it may affect the global economy very badly. This is because of the dependency of most of the sectors like banking and financial markets on the internet and online portals. Besides these, most of the MNC’s also perform their business activities online and use the online communication tools to connect and share information from the headquarters to the subsidiaries located at different countries. IBM is one of the companies that more than 400,000 employees living in US, procurement operation are based at China and data processing and accounting functions are performed by the subsidiaries in India, Philippines and Brazil. This suggest that the functioning of the company is not only benefiting the economy of its own country but also helping to raise the economy of the other countries where the associated operations are being performed. These economies or the countries are also becoming the multinational giants and grabbing the market share by opening their own firms. Vodacom is the company that has developed its joint venture from South Africa/UK to pan African wireless operator and serving the people in almost 70 countries (Moghadam, 2012).

Impact on political globalisation:

In earlier times, politics remain in the national boundaries of the countries. National government and political framework remains the ultimate element to be responsible for maintain the economy and security of the country along with the welfare of the citizens. With the change in global scenarios, the integration of the global economy took place along with other trends. Now the political activities are taking place at the global level and are not limited to the national boundaries. Due to globalisation, not only the businesses and the companies are integrating with each other but the political policies of the countries are also merging (Martell, 2007). The most popular example of this is European Union and inter-governmental organisations like International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organisations etc. political activities can also be integrate an merged through global movement and NGOs. Globalisation results in reduction of importance of national boundaries and national political framework and leads to a uniform political policy framework for the group of countries. The institution alike European Union, WTO, G8 replaces the national political parties and institution in many countries. In this also, internet and digital media is playing a great role. It has been analysed that through the digital media options, it has been analysed that the governments are integrating their policies with other countries and this is the medium that allow the government to circulate their policies all over the world (Artz and Kamalipour, 2012).

Impact on cultural and social globalisation:

Cultural and social globalisation means transmission and sharing of ideas and cultural values across the nations. The process of consuming and diffusion of culture can take place by the media of internet and digital media. The circulation of the culture and the social values of the country results in making better connections between the same. Cultural globalisation is not limited to sharing of culture and social relations but it also involved formation of shared policies, knowledge and information. Cultural globalisation leads to development of cross cultural contact between the countries and isolated communities (Crane and Matten, 2016). For instance, Sushi is available in Germany and Japan but Euro Disney outwards Paris. This results in reducing the demand of French pastry. It has been analysed that when the social and cultural globalisation has progressed because of the development of internet. This is because the people and the individuals from different countries can easily contact and communicate with each other. This result in reducing the cultural ad social discrimination between the communities and everyone gets to know about each other’s culture and traditions. Social and cultural unity in the world results in developing the scenario of peace.

Conclusion:

It has been conclude from the report that internet and digital media are the most important part of globalisation and helps in expanding the different areas of globalisation such as political, economic and social. With the advancement in the internet and invention of World Wide Web, the business activities amongst the countries have also enhanced resulting in high pace of globalisation. The digital media and internet affects the practices of globalisation in all the three areas mentioned above.

Assignment 2:

Reflection:

The lecture and the module discuss mainly about the various concepts and aspects of international business. It is the module that provides me with great understanding of the different aspects of globalisation and international business. The module helps me in studying and polishing my knowledge of global business enterprise. Initially I have developed all my knowledge about the business enterprise and how these businesses enter the international boundaries. Then I started getting the knowledge about globalisation and the changing trends. This helped me in analysing the business situation of different industries in different countries. Next part of the module helps in analysing the economic factors that got affected because of the internationalisation of the businesses. Culture is found to be the great factor that also affects the globalisation process; this is because t is required by the companies to culturally diffuse before doing business with international countries. Our lecturers have supported our learning’s by many case studies. This is because it helps in developing the practical knowledge. All these that have been discussed above are the highlight of each of the module that I have studied in my course. I have taken the topic of social media, digital media and globalisation because I want to brush up my knowledge about the recent technologies and their impact on the expansion of globalisation. I as an individual developed an in depth knowledge about the topic and read many case studies about how the businesses are using the social media and digital tool to enhance their businesses overseas. After reading the module and making this assignment, I have realised that my knowledge was very narrow regarding the concept of globalisation and its drivers. But, after completing this, I have identified that social media is not just for communication and chatting but it is playing a great role in enhancing the business activities not only in the country but also across the borders. Earlier, I used to think that globalisation is only about integrating the business activities and conducting business overseas but later on I figured out that integrating the political framework and social values is also a very important part of expanding globalisation. Social media has is a changed face now. It has become the medium to earn not on individual basis but on national and international level. The scope of using digital media is so wide that I still have to gain more and more knowledge about this concept.

At the end, i have concluded that a little efforts of mine in reading this module has given me a great knowledge not only about globalisation but also about the concept of internet and its advancement from year till now.

Referencing:

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Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.

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Martell, L., 2007. The third wave in globalization theory. International Studies Review, 9(2), pp.173-196.

Moghadam, V.M., 2012. Globalization and social movements: Islamism, feminism, and the global justice movement. Rowman & Littlefield.

Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C.J. and McNeal, R.S., 2007. Digital citizenship: The Internet, society, and participation. MIt Press.

Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge.

Nugroho, Y., 2008. Spreading the word, broadening perspectives: Internet, NGOs and globalisation discourse in Indonesia.

Reading, A., 2011. Memory and digital media: Six dynamics of the globital memory field. In On Media Memory (pp. 241-252). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

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