ENGL1010 English Composition I

Racism in the United Stage is a major social issue that is continuing in the nation from time immemorial. It includes a series of negative actions and behaviors towards individuals of color, starting from negative attitude, verbal abuse, and social exclusion to discrimination in workplaces, societal and political rights along with lack of equal access to basic rights like healthcare and employment (Bobo).

Thesis: African American residents of Africa are the key victims of residents in America. Even in this era of equality, discrimination is faced by people of African origin in almost every aspect of their life, staring from education, to healthcare and employment (Bonilla-Silva). This discrimination along with verbal and physical abuse is not only hampering their ability enhance their quality of life, but, is also resulting high psychological stress. While the government of America claims to be abiding by the concepts of equality, in reality social, financial and political inequality between the while and black population in America is highly evident.

Figure 1: Racism in USA

Source (Losavio, 2021)

Figure 2: Racism against black people in America

Source (Morgan and Washington)

Racism against different minority groups has been existing in America since the Colonial era. Specifically the African American has been facing restriction in their political, social as well as economic freedom along with suffering from genocides, forced removal and massacres since decades (Estime and Williams). The key reason behind the continuing racism in American is lack of initiatives from the end of the government to eradicate the evil practice of racism is a major factor that leaders to continuation of racist activities in the nation. While the American government has declared itself as a secular and democratic nation, no major attempt to prevent racism in the nation is taken. As per researchers every day more than 6000 reports of racism is reported to American police stations, however no worthy action is recorded. Acts of verbal abuse by making racist comments and physical abuse of black individuals openly on American Streets has become a common scene (Foy).  This has led to the origin of white privilege. The term white privilege can be defined as additional benefits obtained by residents of a nation due to their white skin color.  

It can be highlighted that lack of effective implementation of anti-discrimination policy is a major reason behind high rate of workplace discrimination faced by African American employees. As per reports, more than 77 percent of the African American employees and employees from different ethnic origin, have reported that in spite of having similar or even higher educational and professional skills and working in the same designation, they are being given lower salary compared to their white skinned collogues (Harvard University Press). Additionally, in both professional and political field of America, approximately 80 percent of the leaders are white.

A number of researchers have stated that one of the key reason behind lack of prosperity in social, financial and political fields includes long prevailed superstition and lack of ability of the black population in America. Additionally, 31 percent of the Republicans believe that America has gone too far when it comes to providing rights to the Black residents (Lavalley and Johnson). It has been argued that a prolonged years of slavery along with higher rate of poverty has imposed negative impact on their education level.  This makes a significant number of Black candidates unable to compete with the White candidates for specific job roles. Here the governmental policies and regulation cannot be blamed. It has been pointed out that the black population needs to focus on enhancing their educational level in order to enhance their employability in American institution. However, this argument has been counterargued stating that there is major role of the American government, when it comes to current percentage of poverty and lack of educational level of the colored population of USA (Love). No major financial benefits are provided to the poverty stricken population to meet the basic needs of life and this in turn makes it difficult for them to continue their education while meeting both ends.

It has been pointed out that in recent time a significant number of welfare programs has been organized in order to deal with the racism prevailed in America. For instance, as per, in order to combat the systematic racism in USA, the government is taking effective steps by address polices, structures as well as practices  that can effectively contribute to reduce the wealth gap, employment gap and health disparities (Mason). On January 26, President Biden has issued a memorandum Condemning as well as combating basic an intolerance against the individual of clout in united states The memorandum instructed the executive department as well as agencies for taking all appropriate steps for ensuring that official documents, action as well as statements pertaining to the Covid 19 pandemic do not exist contribution to racist activities in the nation.  However researchers have argued that while steps are being taken in the form of developing polices, lack of effective monitoring on whether the policies are getting implemented or not can be evidenced (Morabia). The step taken by the government are not effectively implanted in majority of the cities and suburbs. Along with lack of effective implementation of anti discriminatory regulations, no major action is taken against racist activities that takes place in America. Some of the major examples includes the killing George Floyd. Floyd's death came during a coronavirus pandemic that has overwhelmingly infected and killed black individuals, exposing long-standing racial disparities in every area of American life and forcing a deep reckoning throughout society. Corporations have made commitments to address institutional injustice within their organizations. Some cities are seeking budget cuts to their police forces.

Researchers have pointed out that there exists three major factor that are leading to uninterrupted prevalence of Racism in America. These factors includes categories, that organize impose into fistic groups, faction that trigger intergroup competition as well as in group loyalty as well as segregation that hardens racist preferences, perception as well as beliefs. Thus it can be said that the US government has constructed racial categories systemically along with placing people include of those categories while segregating them on the basis of those categories. For instance, it has been seen that both children and adults tends to feel as well as act more positively toward those they consider to be like them in their group (The White House). This can be clearly evident in American workplaces where black employees in spite of having effective skills are not given half the salary compared to his white colleagues based on the perception that he is inferior and does not have the capability to earn as much as  white employees

Children are also more responsive to the faces of the ethnic majority community, according to research. That is, Black children can recognize white faces more easily than White children can recognize Black faces (Morabia). This inequality has tragic real-world ramifications. For example, in case off criminal lineup, nor possessing the ability to recognize black faces along with biased beliefs and preferences engages the odd that innocent black suspects gets misidentified as re perpetrators of crime.

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that African American residents of Africa are the key victims of residents in America. Even in this era of equality, discrimination is faced by people of African origin in almost every aspect of their life, staring from education, to healthcare and employment (Mason). The key reason behind the continuing racism in American is lack of initiatives from the end of the government to eradicate the evil practice of racism is a major factor that leaders to continuation of racist activities in the nation. Hence, in order to deal with this issue, more strict implementation of polices and regulation needs to be implemented.

Crucial links:

https://hbr.org/1997/09/a-debate-on-race-in-the-us-workplace (Thomas and Wetlaufer)

https://hbr.org/2020/11/how-business-schools-can-help-corporate-america-fight-racism (Bruce et al.)

Podcast link

https://www.wbur.org/artery/2020/06/05/podcasts-to-listen-to-about-race-america (Bruno)

References

Bobo, Lawrence D. "Racism in Trump's America: reflections on culture, sociology, and the 2016 US presidential election." The British Journal of Sociology 68 (2017): S85-S104.

Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. "“Racists,”“Class Anxieties,” Hegemonic Racism, and Democracy in Trump’s America." Social Currents 6.1 (2019): 14-31.

Bruce, N., Cutright, K., Richardson Gosline, R., S. Thomas, J. and Barnett White, T. How Business Schools Can Help Corporate America Fight Racism. [online] Harvard Business Review, 2020. Available at: <https://hbr.org/2020/11/how-business-schools-can-help-corporate-america-fight-racism>.

Burno, C., 2020. 5 Podcasts To Listen To If You Really Want To Know About Race In America. [online] Wbur.org. Available at: <https://www.wbur.org/artery/2020/06/05/podcasts-to-listen-to-about-race-america>.

Estime, Stephen, and Brian Williams. "Systemic Racism in America and the Call to Action." The American Journal of Bioethics 21.2 (2021): 41-43.

Foy, Steven L. Racism in America: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2020.

Harvard University Press. "Racism in America: A Reader." (2020).

Lavalley, Ryan, and Khalilah Robinson Johnson. "Occupation, injustice, and anti-Black racism in the United States of America." Journal of Occupational Science (2020): 1-13.

Losavio, Joseph. The Economic Cost of Racism – IMF F&D, 2021. [online] Imf.org. Available at: <https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2020/09/the-economic-cost-of-racism-losavio.htm> [Accessed 1 May 2021].

Love, Erik. Islamophobia and racism in America. NYU Press, 2017.

Mason, Eric. Woke Church: An Urgent Call for Christians in America to Confront Racism and Injustice. Moody Publishers, 2018.

Morabia, Alfredo. "Slavery, work, and racism in America: a review of four books." American Journal of Public Health 109.10 (2019): 1312-1314.

Morgan Roberts, L. and F. Washington, E. U.S. Businesses Must Take Meaningful Action Against Racism. [online] Harvard Business Review, 2020. Available at: <https://hbr.org/2020/06/u-s-businesses-must-take-meaningful-action-against-racism> [Accessed 1 May 2021].

The White House, 'Fact Sheet: U.S. Efforts To Combat Systemic Racism | The White House' (The White House, 2021) <https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/21/fact-sheet-u-s-efforts-to-combat-systemic-racism/> accessed 22 April 2021

Thomas, A. David, and Suzy Wetlaufer. "A Question Of Color: A Debate On Race In The U.S. Workplace". Harvard Business Review, 1997, https://hbr.org/1997/09/a-debate-on-race-in-the-us-workplace. Accessed 1 May 2021.

Yancy, George. Backlash: What happens when we talk honestly about racism in America. Rowman & Littlefield, 2018.

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