CIVL7505 Research Methods for Civil Engineers

Introduction

• This civil engineering episode took place in December 2017 and lasted for approximately five weeks. In the first week, there was a meeting, in which the architectural model of preference of the residence was decided. Then, I made the decision to hire a professional designer to elaborate on the architectural project according to my specifications and the client's preferences. In the second week, with the design already prepared, there was again a meeting with the owner, in order to get his approval of the project and its adjustments in relation to the material to be used in the execution of the construction. In the third week, with the architectural project already ready, the signatures were made wherever relevant in the documents for the project to be approved by the municipality of Santo Antônio do Aracanguá, where the allotment is located. After the documentation was approved, the fourth week and the fifth week were spent for soil analysis and structural design calculations.
  
  
• This construction was carried out in Brazil, in the State of São Paulo, in the city of Santo Antônio do Aracanguá, Riviera da Barra Residential Allotment at coordinates -21.009306,-50.4379034,17.
  
  
• This episode was while I was self-employed and hired by Suelly Barbosa Gazola.

Background

• In this episode of civil engineering, I was hired by Mrs. Suely Barbosa Gazola, who was appointed by the manager of the allotment where the building is located and who came to me with the aim of designing a building in a condominium located near a large river.
  
  
• I was specifically responsible for the execution of the architectural design and structural calculation of the project. The architectural design had to be printed and submitted for approval by the city. The structural project had to be delivered, printed and explained to the workers who had to carry out the construction effectively.
  
  
• According to the terms of the contract, the goal was to build a summerhouse on a plot of 600m2 and the owner advised me that she would like a large house with four bedrooms and a large barbecue area.
  
  
• I was hired to make the projects in accordance with all municipal and federal standards. The execution of the project was to be as convenient as possible because the land was located in an area far from any urban centre.

2.8 Chart:

 

2.9   For this contract, I committed myself to the following objectives:

•   Elaborate an architectural project;
•   Calculate a structural project;
•   Ensure budget maintenance;
•   Use consolidated, easy-to-execute construction techniques for local labour;
•   Comply with the contracted deadlines.

Personal Engineering Activity

• As soon as I was hired, I set up a meeting on the site where the construction would take place, with the presence of the owner and with the architectural designer I hired to help me. At this meeting we made some sketches of some of the designer's ideas and collected information from the owner of what she would like her to have in the project. In addition, I took advantage of the local visit to do a survey of the conditions of the land and an analysis of the soil, where I could even see the existence of water at a very shallow level of drilling.

File boreholes held my team nearby the site show a ground grouping which is by and large predictable with that normal for the space from the planning by the BGS.

This was additionally the situation at the two exploratory openings from the examination. These demonstrated an earthy coloured clayey sand and rock quickly beneath the substantial base section of the current cellar. This reached out to 0.7 and 1.1 m at WS01 and WS02 separately where they each offered path to a firm, or firm to hardened sandy gravelly earth.

At the site the mud reached out to 2 m where it offered path to a firm sandy mud. Conversely, the mud at WS02 stretched out just to 1.5 m where it offered approach to clayey gravelly sand. This stretched out to 2.5 m where a sandy mud similar to that at WS01 was demonstrated. At a little more than 3 m, the sandy mud offered path to a gravelly sand, which was demonstrated to 5 m at WS01 and 4 m at WS02. Neither exploratory opening experienced material that was considered predictable with the Brazilian mud and is considered to have demonstrated Alluvium overlying the Stream Patio Stores. In view of notable chronicled BGS borehole records it is conceivable that the London Mud might be a few meters underneath that infiltrated albeit no dependence ought to be founded on this insertion without affirmation by additional examination. No groundwater was experienced during the examination. Nonetheless, groundwater perceptions will have been influenced by the porousness of the ground, the pace of progress of the exploratory opening and the specific strategy in activity. The general strategies utilized don't permit exact estimations of the groundwater conditions, yet give just an overall manual for the general circumstance. Variances in any groundwater table will happen because of occasional or climatic impacts, just as other external impacts.  Specifically, the groundwater level in a little breadth borehole can likewise underplay its significance in a huge scope removal. It ought to likewise be noticed that the site exists in a memorable stream valley and albeit a surface articulation of the previous stream may at this point don't exist, the element can in any case address a characteristic waste way for groundwater.

• To seek to meet the contractor's requirements, I met a few times with the architectural designer and gave instructions on what I needed to be done, such as making a request that the walls of the upper floor be arranged in places that coincided with the walls of the ground floor, in this way the beams of the first slab would serve as support for the weight loads of the top walls. After finishing the architectural project, we submitted it for approval to the owner who gave us the green light to continue with the structural projects.

To make a pass-through, a part of a load-bearing wall must be removed, and a new beam and columns must be added to support the floor above.

• After I did the soil analysis using a drilling technique and measuring groundwater level depth, I used this data to support my structural construction calculations. I chose to use a professional project calculation software called CYPECAD, with which I came to the conclusion that to work around the problem of high water level, the most appropriate technique would be to make the foundations in the Strauss type pile system: a technique in which the pile is moulded at the construction site itself and which consists of drilling the soil using a metal pipe that is drilled into the ground with the help of a pestle with the intention to serve as waterproof material that will allow the concreting of the concrete column with a frame of iron bars inside, preventing the concrete from being dissolved by the water that mines the walls of the hole.

We incorporated ferrocement which is an exceptionally flexible type of built up concrete made with firmly divided light supporting poles or wire network and a concrete and sand mortar. It tends to be worked with generally untalented work. The capacity of the wire network and building up poles is first to go about as a slat giving the structure to help the mortar in its plastic state, while in the solidified state, they ingest the malleable anxieties in the design which the mortar alone can't withstand. The building up can be gathered in any ideal shape and the mortar applied in layers to the two sides. Straightforward shapes, for example, water tanks can be collected with wooden sticks as help for the building up while the principal layer of mortar is applied.

The mortar ought to have a blending proportion of 1:2 to 1:4 concrete sand by volume, utilizing the more extravagant blend for the most slender designs. The water-concrete proportion ought to be underneath 0.5/1.0. Lime can be included the extent 1 section lime to 5 sections concrete to improve usefulness. The mechanical conduct of ferrocement is subject to the kind, amount direction and strength of the cross section and supporting bars. Of the few kinds of cross section being utilized, the most well-known are outlined in Figure 3.33. Standard aroused lattice (excited subsequent to weaving) is satisfactory. Non-stirred wire has sufficient strength yet the issue of rusting in limits its utilization. A development like ferrocement has as of late been produced for little watertanks, sheds, hovels, and so on It comprises of welded 150mm square support network (6mm bars) covered with hessian and put similarly as ferrocement.

• Once the architectural project was established, the construction of the house would be made from the dividing line of the land. I came across a technical challenge to design the piles and pile cap since they could not be done centrally with the pillars, because they took over the space of the neighbour’s land, so I had to use a decentralised pile cap technique. In other words, there was a displacement of the blocks and the pillars, which are usually placed in the centre of the pile cap; these were placed at one end of the block. In order for this to be possible, I had to calculate a new positioning of the internal iron frame of the block structure so that the weight of the columns was evenly distributed on the piles located below the foundation block.

Proposition to develop a further storm cellar underneath the current cellar are required to make another development which is around a further 3 m beneath the new brought down level of the current cellar. That is consequently about 4m beneath the current storm cellar level. This would put the development level of the new cellar in the gravelly sand, suspected to be the Stream Patio Stores. The Stream Patio Stores are attempted to be in a medium thick condition and, taking into consideration the net dumping related with the exhuming for the cellar are likely to have satisfactory bearing limit. The exploratory openings recommends that at least a meter of the gravelly sand might be available over the basic Brazilian Mud.

Albeit the London Earth is probably going to be in at any rate a firm condition and as such have an undrained shear strength of in any event 40 kPa, considering its profundity subterranean level, the conceivable dumping of 4 m of soil could prompt a level of hurl that may should be considered in plan.

In light of the examination to date, no groundwater presence is probably going to influence development, albeit this ought to be checked by examination if the plan or development approach is touchy to the presence of groundwater. Regardless, arrangement ought to be made in the plan of a potential future improvement of groundwater in the dirts.

2.14 In the architectural design, it was defined that the roof would not be apparent, that is, a parapet wall should hide it. This extra weight, in the structural calculations, necessitated the addition of some beams in the last slab, in order to provide support for the parapet walls. However, in order to prevent any visual and aesthetic damage to the project, I chose to install inverted beams. This way, it would not be apparent in the interior of the house, which could visually and aesthetically impact the appearance of the entire project.

Summary

2.15  In this episode of civil engineering, I came across a situation where the construction would be carried out by a team that had no skills in labour. In other words, the men who would build the house had no experience in following guidelines of a structural civil engineering project. Consequently, I had to devote special attention to the design plans in such a way that they were detailed, easy to understand and self-explanatory.

2.16 Looking at this career episode, I see that it made me experience unusual challenges and this gave me the opportunity to use special skills that made the episode become a great success in my civil engineering career.

2.17 I believe, all the goals and requirements were more than satisfactorily met. In addition, the deadlines were all strictly adhered to, in such a way that I was able to fulfil my role and ensure the success of the project.

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