ICT115 Introduction to Systems Design

Subject Code :
ICT115
Country :
AU
University :
University of the Sunshine Coast

Answer:

Introduction:

The “Macintosh Operating System” is developed by “Apple Inc” (Leopard, Rowe, & McCarrin, 2017).
The “Graphical user-interface” based operating system was designed with Macintosh series since 1984 for personal computers.
In the year 1996 the system was rebranded as “Mac OS”.

Device Management of Mac OS

The operating systems such as iOS, tv OS, macOS and iPad OS has flexible configuration and security policies that are easy to manage and enforce.
Corporate information are protected by the organizations and employees and can meet enterprise’s requirement with the help of the policies.
They have implemented BYOD programme.

Third party Mobile Device management (MDM), Configuration profiles, Password protection and other resources can be used by the Organizations to help the corporate data secure (Edge, & Trouton, 2020).
New Apple devices support a new enrollment option.
User can get more autonomy on their own device.
Cryptographically protected APFS volumes are used to store enterprise data.

With the help of MDM devices can be configured securely and wirelessly.
The devices can be owned by the organization as well as by the user.
MDM has many advantages such as, software and device settings update, compliance monitoring, device locking or wiping remotely.
Devices can be controlled by the users in MDM.

Process Management of Mac OS

An address process and a running or set of threads can be called as a process.
A set of instruction which can be assigned to CPU independently is known as a thread (Xu et al., 2017).
In a single process different threads can run at different times and they can run on different processors on a single time.
Managing memory and execution of threads is the job of a process.

Processes does not need nay user interface to run.
With the help of Activity Monitor one can know who owns the process, the status, How much CPU and Memory is being used to run the process.
Each process ID (PID) is unique.
In Activity monitor, processes can be sorted with the help of column heading.
With inspect icon one can know the information (memory usage, statistics) of a process.

With quit process icon one can quit a process.
Each process can have its own address space in protected memory.
The protected memory is operated by the OS.
Unlike Mac OS9 one does not have to assign memory to applications.
Mac OS X does not need any user configuration to manage Virtual memory.
In Mac OS X virtual memory can not be turned off.

There are two new virtual memory features in Mac OS X 10.4.
It has a 64-bit process model with large access space. And one can enable the encrypted virtual memory to secure the partition.

Scheduling in Mac OS

The time-sharing system uses nested execution and switches the context from one to another according to different conditions, thereby creating the illusion that multiple processes are running at the same time.
The set of rules used to determine the execution order of threads is called a scheduling strategy.
Schedular, a system component, is used to implement the policy through data structures and algorithms.

Both of the scheduling (Multilevel feedback queue and Robin-Robin) are supported by Mac OS (Ngo et al., 2017). In the Mac OS each thread gets the processor for period of time and after that the processor goes to another thread.
thread's Tim slicing quantum is time taken by a scheduled threat to run.
After the expiration of one thread’s quantum, another thread will run because it may have the same priority.
When a higher priority thread is runnable then the previous thread will be preempted.

Dispatching In Mac OS

Dispatch is also known as Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) (Cardellini et al., 2021).
Dispatching contains Language features, System enhancements and runtime libraries.
Dispatch provides systematic and comprehensive improvements.
The idea is to support concurrent code on multicore hardware.

Grand Central Dispatch’s Parallelism is based on thread pool pattern.
The multiple threads are always available and ready to be executed concurrently.
Dispatch Queues manages tasks.
There are two types of dispatch queues. Serial Queue and Concurrent Queue.

References:

Cardellini, M., Maratea, M., Vallati, M., Boleto, G., & Oneto, L. (2021, May). In-station train dispatching: a PDDL+ planning approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling(Vol. 31, pp. 450-458).
Edge, C., & Trouton, R. (2020). The evolution of apple device management. In Apple Device Management(pp. 1-54). Apress, Berkeley, CA.
Leopard, C. B., Rowe, N. C., & McCarrin, M. R. (2017, October). Memory forensics and the Macintosh OS X operating system. In International conference on digital forensics and cyber crime(pp. 175-180). Springer, Cham.
Ngo, M. V., La, Q. D., Leong, D., & Quek, T. Q. (2017, October). User behavior driven MAC scheduling for body sensor networks. In 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom)(pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Xu, Z., Liu, G., Wang, T., & Xu, H. (2017). Exploitations of uninitialized uses on macos sierra. In 11th {USENIX} Workshop on Offensive Technologies ({WOOT} 17).

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