PUB361 Epidemiology and Biostatistics

Introduction

Police service is ranked worldwide as one of the most stressful tasks in the world as it directly involves dealing with humans to ensure peace, order and lawfulness, (Wang, et al., 2010). Past studies have indicated that police officers have work stress and are exposed to trauma such as accidents and everyday risks of being injured or killed, which might lead to stress or depression, (Collins and Gibbs, 2003). Other studies such as one conducted by (Liberman 2002; Violanti 2006) there is relationship between police service and depression. This study therefore focuses in evaluating if there is any relationship between police rank(agent/other) and depression putting into consideration the tenure for service delivery in police service.

Method

Descriptive statistics

This section defines and explores the demographic characteristics of the dataset. It involves both categorical and continuous dataset.

The categorical variables will be presented by use of numerical summary such as percentage proportion of single or married, police living in barracks or not and having children or not.

continuous variables such as Age and length of service will be presented using numerical summary by use of mean and standard deviation around the mean or median and Interquartile range and normality and presence of outliers by use of both normality test and distribution graphs such as histogram, box and whisker graph.

References

• The jamovi project (2021). jamovi. (Version 1.8) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https://www.jorg.
• R Core Team (2021). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-projorg. (R packages retrieved from MRAN snapshot 2021-04-01).
• Makowski, Dominique, Lüdecke, Daniel (2019). The report package for R: Ensuring the use of best practices for results reporting. [R package]. Retrieved from https://gcom/easystats/report.
• Kim, S. (2015). ppcor: Partial and Semi-Partial (Part) Correlation. [R package]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-projorg/package=ppcor.
• Heinzen, E Sinnwell, J Atkinson, E Gunderson, T Dougherty, G (2018). arsenal: An Arsenal of 'R' Functions for Large-Scale Statistical Summaries. [R package]. Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-projorg/package=arsenal.
• Teshome Hailemeskel Abebe. (2020). The Derivation and Choice of Appropriate Test Statistic (Z, t, F and Chi-Square Test) in Research Methodology. Mathematics Letters. Vol. 5, No. 3, 2019, pp. 33-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ml.20190503.11.
• Ezekiel, M. (1930). Methods of correlation analysis.
• Senthilnathan Samithambe. (July 9, 2019).Usefulness of Correlation Analysis .Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3416918 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3416918.
• Wang, Z., Inslicht, S. S., Metzler, T. J., Henn-Haase, C., McCaslin, S. E., Tong, H., Neylan, T. C., & Marmar, C. R. (2010). A prospective study of predictors of depression symptoms in police. Psychiatry research, 175(3), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.11.010.
• Collins PA, Gibbs ACOccup Med (Lond). 2003 Jun.Stress in police officers: a study of the origins, prevalence and severity of stress-related symptoms within a county police force.; 53(4):256-64.[PubMed] [Ref list]