CNA535 Neuroscience Nursing 1

Neurological assignment

Lesion is in the motor cortex. The side of the brain that is affected is the left side. According to Touvykine et al., upper motor neuron lesions occur in the cortex or their axons (283). In the instance where the lesion is small, it will mean that the only long-lasting effect will be seen to be the loss of refined movement. For example, an individual might not be able to make independent movements of fingers as it is with the case of G.V in the case study.

In the event where the election is extensive, at first, an individual may experience flaccid paralysis and also muscle tone loss. At a later stage, one may start experiencing spasticity that is usually because of increased sensitivity of motor neuron to the remaining inputs (Fossataro et al. 2280). For example, from the brainstem nuclei and spinal reflexes. Some of the symptoms that are associated with extended lesion include hypertonia and spasms, and hyper-reflexia.

Most significantly, motor cortex is where movement of muscles coordination for contralateral side of the body occurs (Ebbesen et al. 697). These muscles therefore include muscles of Upper, lower limbs and even the speech muscles including the tongue. It therefore explains better and comprehensively why the patient in the case study is experiencing difficulty in movement of body organs or muscles and a slurred speech. It is also suggestive that the lesion is most probably in the motor cortex which facilitates movement of muscles of specific sections of the body.

Peters et al. also confirms that an individual having difficulty in movement of muscles or speech is likely to have a lesion in the motor cortex which is found in a left side of the brain (130).

References:

Ebbesen, Christian Laut, and Michael Brecht. "Motor cortex—to act or not to act?." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18.11 (2017): 694-705.

Fossataro, Carlotta, et al. "Losing my hand. Body ownership attenuation after virtual lesion of the primary motor cortex." European Journal of Neuroscience 48.6 (2018): 2272-2287.  

Peters, Denise M., et al. "Cortical disconnection of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex is associated with gait speed and upper extremity motor impairment in chronic left hemispheric stroke." Human brain mapping 39.1 (2018): 120-132.

Touvykine, Boris, et al. "The effect of lesion size on the organization of the ipsilesional and contralesional motor cortex." Neurorehabilitation and neural repair 30.3 (2016): 280-292.

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