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KDA101
AU
University of Tasmania
Engineering is the art of utilizing nature's and energy's vast elements and transforming them for human benefit. Sustainable demolition is a term aimed at ensuring that existing demolition needs are met without jeopardizing the ability of current and future generations to fulfill their own needs. Engineers believe that for a system to be considered sustainable, it must change slowly and at a tolerable scale and be eco-friendly. The environment in which plants are food for insects, herbivores, and omnivores is a good natural example(Clapham, 1983). Then large carnivores, either explicitly or implicitly consume the three and remains are returned to the environment, where they provide essential nutrients to plants, and the cycle continues. Engineers must imitate the natural environment and do their best to create a closed loop human ecosystem capable of passing on a sustainable future to the next generation in order to achieve sustainable demolition. Different methods have been devised within countries to promote sustainability, such as Australian Standard AS2601 for demolition, which sets out the professional ethics for the engineering profession touching on safety and health concerns related to building demolitions ("Australian Standard AS 2601-2001: Demolition of Structures", 2021).
Civil engineering practices are interconnected with all aspects of society; it contextualizes concepts from math and science by considering social, cultural, and economic factors before implementing them in the built environment. Engineers must deliberately deal with increasing carbon dioxide emission issues and general demolition wastes if the construction industry is to achieve sustainable development goals (Zuo, Read, Pullen and Shi, 2012). Alternative sustainable forms and/or methods of demolishing buildings are required to be considered by the global construction industry. This study explores more sustainable ways to demolishing buildings.
The aim of this paper is to look into the environmental effects of demolition wastes and propose solutions for dealing with them in order to achieve safe and eco-friendly building demolition.
The study's basic goals are as follows:
The carbon IV oxide emissions during demolitions of buildings can be minimized in three major ways. The first one is proper building material selection, the use of efficient and low carbon IV oxide emitting demolition equipment and the use chemical inhibitors in cement to limit the emission of carbon dioxide calcium hydroxide (Takano, Hughes & Winter, 2014). Calcium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide to form calcium hydrogen carbonate. During demolition, calcium hydroxide can be mixed with the resulting concrete to absorb the produced carbon dioxide. Another major way to limit carbon IV oxide emission during demolition is by use of carbon capture technology. Theis involves the technique of capturing CO2 and further taking it through various separation technologies and recycling probably by chemical fixation (Noguchi, Kitagaki & Tsujino, 2011). It can be provided to petrochemical industries for such separation and recycling. There are a number of separation techniques it can undergo such as adsorption, cryogenic, absorption and membrane separation. The utilization processes entail the oxidative dehydration and polymerization.
When it comes to material choices, this paper recommends using greener construction materials such as wood and clay. These materials have low embodied energies as well as strong insulation properties. In addition, responsible procurement can be used to ensure that renewable products are replaced at a faster rate than they are extracted. This can be accomplished by third-party validation that is auditable. In addition, this research recommends that greener concrete be used. This can be accomplished by using supplementary cementing ingredients such as natural pozzolans, fly ash, silica fumes, and slag to replace cement in concrete (Assi et al., 2018).
This study proposes recycling of concrete to reduce its environmental impact. However, it is important to notice that concrete is difficult to recycle, releases a lot carbon dioxide to the environment and also has very high level of embodied energy (Noguchi, Kitagaki & Tsujino, 2011). However, there is an intriguing story about concrete. Concrete is the most widely used resource, second only to water, according to studies. Concrete emits about 2.8 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cement produces carbon IV oxide in 2 ways. One method is to heat the kiln with fossil fuels to temperatures above 1370°C (Climate change: The massive CO2 emitter you may not know about, 2021). The second is calcination, which is a chemical reaction that occurs during the manufacturing process. After decades of debate, it's no surprise that global warming continues to be a source of concern (Milfont, 2012). Engineers should follow and inspire others to consider designs for environmentally friendly buildings and structures by lowering the embodied energy in construction materials.
Material reuse is the next method of waste management. This helps to save resources and energy by avoiding production of new materials, components and structures. The materials that are easy to reuse include doors, wood cutoffs, crushed gypsum and excess insulation from interior walls. It is recommended that packaging material be returned to the suppliers for their reuse.
Also, dust release int the atmosphere can be reduced by misting. The misting machinery will limit dust by spraying water vapor around the demolition site causing the dust to settle before it can blow into the neighborhoods (Poon, 2007). Limiting dust is important because dust poses serious respiratory based health risks.
Noise can be reduced by the choice of suitable machinery. It is recommended that machines with the best heat protection are used since research shows that such machines operate with less vibrations. Where pneumatic or hydraulic breakers are required, it is recommended that the ones with mufflers should be preferred since they are quieter. Also, alternatives machines that have multiple noise control are highly recommended.
Bricks and other clay-based products can be reused. In addition, landfill disposal can be used to manage the hazardous and no biodegradable wastes. Designated landfills should be identified and used for disposing off glass and metal wastes besides. These wastes can then be easily accessed sorted out and recycled by licensed wastes recycling companies (Vandecasteele & van der Sloot, 2011). Ceramic wastes are manageably recyclable. Close examinations show that recycled economically efficient ceramic wastes possess superior mechanical behavior compared to traditional ceramic. Plastic wastes on the other hand can also be reused. These plastic materials can be used to make fuels and other vessels like boats. This means that with proper arrangement, collection and selling of these wastes to relevant companies for reuse would be a viable waste management scheme. However, it is recommended that shift towards compostable plastics is a better sustainable option. The general implication of poor waste management is that it will lead to littered and degraded environment, health risks and destruction of biodiversity (Kaneko, Yoshiura & Kobayashi, n.d.).
Assi, L., Carter, K., Deaver, E., Anay, R. and Ziehl, P., 2018. Sustainable concrete: Building a greener future. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, pp.1641-1651.
Australian Standard AS 2601-2001: Demolition of Structures. (2021). Retrieved 22 April 2021, from
Clapham, W. (1983). Natural ecosystems. New York: Macmillan.
Kaneko, N., Yoshiura, S., & Kobayashi, M. Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks.
Milfont, T. (2012). The Interplay Between Knowledge, Perceived Efficacy, and Concern About Global Warming and Climate Change: A One-Year Longitudinal Study. Risk Analysis, 32(6), 1003-1020. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01800.x
Noguchi, T., Kitagaki, R., & Tsujino, M. (2011). Minimizing environmental impact and maximizing performance in concrete recycling. Structural Concrete, 12(1), 36-46. doi: 10.1002/suco.201100002
Poon, C. (2007). Reducing construction waste. Waste Management, 27(12), 1715-1716. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.013
Power, A., & Weinstein, Z. (2012). Discussion: Housing and sustainability – demolition or refurbishment?. Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers - Urban Design And Planning, 165(3), 191-191. doi: 10.1680/udap.12.00007
Research Watch: Demolition wastes. (1999). Environmental Science & Technology, 33(23), 517A-517A. doi: 10.1021/es993139m
Saxena, A., Ramaswamy, M., Beale, J., Marciniuk, D. and Smith, P., 2021. Striving for the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): what will it take?. Discover Sustainability, 2(1).
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