PSY223 Health and Psychological Wellbeing

Eating disorders are one type of mental health and psychological condition in this condition people feel severe disturbance in their behavior related to eat, thoughts, and emotion. People who are suffering from eating disorder may develop unhealthy preoccupation with their body size weight and shape (Schamberg et al., 2017). When eating disorder become severe problem people may loss their life or it may cause serious health consequences. The following discussion is about eating disorder. The available intervention related to eating disorder will be discussed. Moreover, the research method will be secondary data collection method. To ensure the relevancy only up dated data will be used. The data will be collected from peer reviewed articles and higher authorized websites.

Eating disorder

Eating disorder are a state of mind that cause unhealthy habits to develop. There are variety of symptoms of eating disorders but most of them include severe restriction of food, purging behaviors such as vomiting (Petre, 2019). In other word, the disorder which is related to food, eating habit and that affect the health of people are known as eating disorders. This problem may happen to any one like to male or female but for young people this is the major problem especially the young women. One report has found that almost 13% youth experience ED by the age of 20 (Knight, 2021). Experts believes that there are many factors that cause eating disorder and one of them is genetics, if twin were being separated at the time of birth or adopted by other women it is more likely that they will develop eating disorder. Moreover, if one of them developed eating disorder than there is probability of 50% that other will also develop eating disorder. Psychological and emotional health is other cause of eating disorders. The person suffering from ED may have psychological and emotional problems. It is highly predicted that they may have low self-esteem, perfectionism, relationship issue or impulsive behavior (Schmidt, et al., 2016).

Risk factors

The eating disorders may be developed in teen girl more than boy. For instance, in every 100 girl one may have eating disorder however, in 1000 boy one may have this problem. Therefore, females are riskier to eating disorder. Furthermore, this problem occurs across broad age in teen age or early 20s.  some factors that may increase the risk of developing eating disorders are family history, if someone form family member is suffering from eating disorder then there is more chance that other member may also get this problem. Second factor is other mental health disorder, if a person has the problem of anxiety disorder or depression then that person may develop eating disorder too (Mayoclinic, 2021).

Dieting and starvation, the kind of person who is more conscious about their body like weight, shape, fat the example of these kinds of person are models, actors and gymnasium. The shape of body is very import for these people and that is why they do diet and may develop eating disorder. Furthermore, eating disorders is also a symptom of starvation (McLean, et al., 2017). Similarly, stress is also one factor, younger people have more stress like related to collage, study or finding good job, relationship issue and this stress may develop eating disorder.

Anorexia nervosa

It is well-known eating disorder this disorder affects women more than men and it develop during adolescence. People suffering from this disorder feel themselves as overweight, they restrict their calorie by avoid eating some certain types of food. People suffering from these disorders use to compare themselves with others same age, and height and consider themselves underweight (Moskowitz, & Weiselberg, 2017). They follow very restricted eating pattern. These kinds of people often live with the fear of gaining weight. Despite of being underweight they have persistence behaviors to ignore wright gaining. Furthermore, it has been also seen that the person who suffers from anorexia nervosa they often preoccupied with the thought if food obsessive-compulsive symptoms can be found in them always.

Moreover, these people may have difficulty in eating publicly like in party. Anorexia disorders has been categories in two types first one is restricting type and second on is purging type. The person who categories themselves they loss their weight slowly by fasting, dieting or excessive exercise. However, the person who is in purging type they binge on large amount of food however, they eat less and after eating they purge by vomiting or diuretics. This disorder may be very damaging for the body individual suffering with this issue may experience thinning of their bones, infertility and brittle hair and nails. Moreover, when this disorder achieves critical condition then it may lead in heart, brain or multi-organ failure and death.

Another very common type of eating disorder is Bulimia nervosa; this disorder is common in men as well as women and develop during early adulthood like anorexia disorder. Individuals suffering from this disorder usually eat large amount of food at some fix time. Some common symptoms of this disorder are fear of gaining weight, self-esteem over influenced with shape of the body. Side of this disorder may include swollen salivary glands, inflamed and sore throat.

Eating disorders are complex and for treating it requires comprehensive plan such as medical care psychological support and intervention (Levinson, et al., 2017). The most wort thing about this disorder is people who is suffering from this disorder not identify themselves that they are ill and that’s why they ignore getting any kind of treatment in such situation family members and friends can be helpful by letting them know that they need treatment. Treatment for anorexia is divided in three main phase, first one is restoring the lost nutrition. The weight that has been lost due to dieting and purging will be restored in this step. Furthermore, if any psychological disturbance is present like low self-esteem then that will be treated. If there are any interpersonal or emotional conflicts that will be resolved (Mehler, 2017). 

The last step is achieving remission and rehabilitation for the long-term. If person will take early intervention then it will take less time and success rate will be high. People suffer from anorexia may use medications after if they started gaining weight. Furthermore, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known as antidepressants. Which can be helpful to deal with anxiety symptoms. Other intervention is psychotherapy, if malnutrition has been addressed and the individual started gaining weight then psychotherapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy can help them to overcome anorexia.

Treatment for Bulimia disorders is aiming to eliminate binge eating and purging. Therefore, this treatment requires nutritional counseling, medication, and psychological support. In medication SSRIs that is an antidepressant can be helpful for people with bulimia, this is more helpful for the individual who have anxiety or depression. Moreover, this SSRI antidepressants is also very helpful for controlling appetite by suppressing the desire to binge. Psychotherapy is important for the people who have established the pattern of regular eating non-binge meals because psychotherapy helps to improve attitude associated with eating disorders. In this treatment doctor encourage the person to eat healthy food but not doing excessive exercise (Holmes, 2020). Moreover, the patents are also being guided for removing anxiety and depression. Individual psychotherapy that uses cognitive behavioral has been found more effective. The patients who have serious bulimia disorder they need to be hospitalized. Some program may have day treatment option. Where the people who have go there for the same purpose shares their experience.  

Conclusion

From the above discussion it can be concluded that eating disorders is a state of mind when individual have fear of gaining weight. This disorder occurs mainly in the age of early childhood and in women. Furthermore, the risk factor of this disorder is also mentioned above that is biological and psychological factors. Moreover, the available intervention of eating disorders is also discussed that is medication and psychotherapy.  It has been also seen that there are two types of eating disorder one is anorexia disorders and other one is bulimia nervosa.

References

Holmes, L. (2020). Treatment Strategies for Eating Disorders. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/treatment-strategies-for-eating-disorders-2337572

Knight, C. (2021). What is an Eating Disorder?. Retrieved from https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-an-Eating-Disorder.aspx

Levinson, C. A., Zerwas, S., Calebs, B., Forbush, K., Kordy, H., Watson, H., ... & Bulik, C. M. (2017). The core symptoms of bulimia nervosa, anxiety, and depression: A network analysis. Journal of abnormal psychology, 126(3), 340.

Mayoclinic. (2021). Eating disorders.  Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20353603

McLean, S. A., Wertheim, E. H., Masters, J., & Paxton, S. J. (2017). A pilot evaluation of a social media literacy intervention to reduce risk factors for eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(7), 847-851.

Mehler, P. S. (2017). Eating disorders: A guide to medical care and complications. JHU Press.

Moskowitz, L., & Weiselberg, E. (2017). Anorexia nervosa/atypical anorexia nervosa. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 47(4), 70-84.

Petre, A. (2019). 6 Common Types of Eating Disorders (and Their Symptoms). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/common-eating-disorders

Schaumberg, K., Welch, E., Breithaupt, L., Hübel, C., Baker, J. H., Munn‐Chernoff, M. A., ... & Bulik, C. M. (2017). The science behind the academy for eating disorders' nine truths about eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 25(6), 432-450.

Schmidt, U., Adan, R., Böhm, I., Campbell, I. C., Dingemans, A., Ehrlich, S., ... & Zipfel, S. (2016). Eating disorders: the big issue. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(4), 313-315.

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