92845 Primary Health Care in Diabetes

Introduction

Australian Indigenous people are reported to be more prone to different types of medical conditions in comparison to the non-indigenous people. Among these conditions, diabetes is a common disease that affects the Australian aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. They have high risk of developing diabetes type 1, diabetes type 2 and gestational diabetes, which is a seriously unfortunate thing for them. This paper is going to compare the prevalence, demographics and possible risks of Diabetes of non-indigenous and indigenous population and present the comparison between them.

Discussion

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) is a well-recognized organization that monitors the incidence, prevalence, hospitalization and deaths caused by diabetes, including the 3 types, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. The database of AIHW presents that 129 new cases of diabetes type 1 was found among the Indigenous population in 2018. This means, 16 people were affected among 100,000 people. On the other hand, 12 non-indigenous people were affected among 100,000 people. Among the indigenous people, 67% of the patients were of 15-24 years of age. However, in adults and older adults, the prevalence is lesser than the young adults and children. Among the non-indigenous people also the prevalent age is <25 years (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2021).

In this website no data showing comparison of Australian populations for diabetes type 2 were found.

In the case of gestational diabetes, in 2017-18, about 13% of the indigenous women (age 15-49 years) have birth to the children who had gestational diabetes, which is considerably a large number of the aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. When this data is compared to the non-indigenous Australians, (adjusting the differences in age structure among the two populations) the indigenous and non-indigenous had close similarity in the incidence rate data, suggesting 16% of the non-indigenous and 17% of the indigenous women gave birth to the children with gestational diabetes in 2017-18 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2021).

Diabetes type 1 is one of the three most impactful types of diabetes. The prevalence of this type of diabetes, was higher among the indigenous and Torres Strait Islanders than the non-indigenous population. The cases of gestational diabetes are closely similar to the data of nonindigenous people. It can be explained that the general risk factors that gave rise to diabetes type 1 among the huge number of indigenous people may include ethnicity, access to healthcare facilities, Economic status and affordability of the medical costs, obesity and overweight, high rates of smoking and alcohol intake (Betterhealth.vic.gov.au, 2021).

There are several medical risks related to diabetes, which may be generated in the body after a person gets affected with diabetes. The conditions will include cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy or kidney damage, foot damage, disrupted wound healing, eye complications such as glaucoma, altimeter’s diseases as well as depression (Petrie, Guzik & Touyz, 2018). If diabetes type and 2 are left untreated for the adults or young adults, it will disrupt the functionality of nerves and may affect limbs also. The complications related to gestational diabetes include overgrowth of the baby inside the womb, development of type 2 diabetes in close future, low blood sugar level and even death, if gestational diabetes is left untreated.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be stated that In Australia, Indigenous people are vulnerable to diabetic conditions, which is higher in prevalence in comparison with the non-indigenous people. Diabetes-associated health risks, such as cardiovascular, neurological, nephrological and other risks are hampering the overall wellbeing of the Aboriginals ad Torres Strait Islanders. This can be managed only by altering the lifestyle habits of the people, which may help them to improve their quality of life.

References

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2021). Diabetes, Gestational diabetes - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved 12 March 2021, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/how-many-australians-have-diabetes/gestational-diabetes.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2021). Diabetes, Type 1 diabetes - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved 12 March 2021, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/how-many-australians-have-diabetes/type-1-diabetes.

Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. (2021). Diabetes - long-term effects | betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 12 March 2021, from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/diabetes-long-term-effects.

Petrie, J. R., Guzik, T. J., & Touyz, R. M. (2018). Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: clinical insights and vascular mechanisms. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(5), 575-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.12.005

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