NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

The patient has the symptoms described as he was suffering from adenocarcinoma and diverticulitis. Adenocarcinoma is defined as the type of cancer which starts in the mucus secreting glandular cells of the body (Healthline, 2017). The patient is also presented with diverticulitis symptoms that is persistent in the clinical manifestation of the symptoms. The majority of these symptoms include inflammation in the bowel leading to bowel disorders or other types of gastrointestinal symptoms that may upset his colon. Since the patient in the case study had these diseases and the symptoms likewise persisted for like about the last 15 years, it can be sad that it is a type of genetic disorder that is persistent in the patient.  The persistent presence of the colorectal cancer is also present in the patient as during the colonoscopy examination, it detected the presence of multiple polyps. Other clinical manifestation of the symptoms included presence of the abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, and constipation.

The major risk factor that was merely examined is the presence of the multiple polyps that are being fund on his colonoscopy reports. The major risk factors that could be addressed here is the taking of the certain drugs, hormonal changes that keeps on changing with increasing age, excessive consumption of alcohol, other major types or sources of infections and the fasting or any types of the dietary changes can help in the occurrence of this disease.

Cases of the familiar evidence of diverticulitis also helps in the identification of the families and the affected members with the early age of the disease progress and this also helps in the investigation of the genetical basis of diverticulitis (Coble et al., 2017). Obesity in the patient, presence of the sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical exercise and the consumption of certain medications are some of the other factors that are being assessed pertaining to the risk assessment of the patient in the case study.  

The genes that are associated with diverticulitis is TNFSF15 that is being identified till date.  Family and the genetic factors studies suggest that the genetic predisposition accounts for like about 40-53% for the incidence of the diseases (Coble et al., 2017). The chronic inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) is a consequence of multiple sequence of the genetic alteration and this can be mediated by the inflammatory stresses and the presence of the intestinal microbiota (Kim, & Chang, 2014). It can lead to colorectal cancers. This helps in establishing the correct diagnosis and the preventive treatment plans that can be laid out for the older patient who is present in the case study.

The immunosuppression process is being defied as the suppression of the immune system and its function. This has got serious health implications on the body as the body id having more increased susceptibility to the occurrences of the diseases and the immune systems becomes weak and vulnerable to more health infections (Sciencedirect.com, n.d.).

For the patient in the case study, who is being suffering from chronic IBD, immunosuppressive medications such as methotrexate, cyclosporin, tacrolimus and many such types of medications can be administered to him.

References:

Coble, J. L., Sheldon, K. E., Yue, F., Salameh, T. J., Harris, III, L. R., Deiling, S., ... & Broach, J. R. (2017). Identification of a rare LAMB4 variant associated with familial diverticulitis through exome sequencing. Human molecular genetics, 26(16), 3212-3220.

Healthline. (2017). Adenocarcinoma Symptoms: Breast, Colorectal, Lung, & Prostate. Healthline. Retrieved 10 March 2021, from https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/adenocarcinoma-symptoms#symptoms.

Kim, E. R., & Chang, D. K. (2014). Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the risk, pathogenesis, prevention and diagnosis. World journal of gastroenterology, 20(29), 9872–9881. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9872 

Sciencedirect.com. Immunosuppression - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Retrieved 8 March 2021, from

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