401001 Primary Health Care in Action

Answer 1.

The two social determinants which can be found in the video is education and built environment. Education is one of the most important and crucial social determinant as it helps to have the knowledge regarding the various risk factors, issues, diagnostic methods and treatment procedures which is somewhere related to our health. It increases the understanding capability so that the individual is able to make effective decisions related to health ad is also aware of their rights. As seen in the video, there has been change in the behaviours of children after they started to go to the school and these changes have been observed by their parents and their neighbours (Project0r, 2008). Studies are evidence that better education helps to reduce infant mortality rate, increase life expectancy and able to take decisions in patient centred care.

Along with the other social determinants of health, education plays an important role in improving the overall health outcome of an individual and increased wellbeing. Education affects the complete life of an individual and builds the idea of competitiveness. It also helps to increase the healthy behaviours of an individual (Sharma, Pinto & Kumagai, 2008). Among the different stages of education, early education is most important as it helps to build foundation for a healthy life. Studies provide strong evidence that a strong early education is highly related to the longevity of the individual.

Built environment can be referred to as manmade surroundings which provides setting for the human activity, and also area from home to the school. In general, built environment is one of the most important factor for the growth and development of a child as it helps to increase the thinking ability of an individual in such a way that they are able to reach out to new goals. This is one of the most important social determinant and is very effective as shown in the video that when there was pool introduced in the nearby area of the village, children were highly happy and active to go to the pool (Project0r, 2008). Most of the children used to spend whole day swimming as they really feel happy doing so. however, it has been observed that since the time pool has been introduced in the village, there were better interest among the children to go to the school.

This not only affect the way children used to spend their time mostly after the school, but also affect the children see the environment. Some of the children appear to be environment friendly, remain happy and behave nicely since the time they started to go the pool. Studies present that there are basically three types of environment which include socioeconomic, cultural and environmental (Moore et al., 2018). The built environment affects the level of the physical activity in an individual.  the physical activity among the children has been nice but it has also been observed that as the children used to swim all day, they also started to face various difficulties and issues such as skin rash and skin burn. This was majorly due to chlorine which is being mixed to the pool water.

Answer 2.

The two primary healthcare services which has been presented through the video includes accessibility and appropriate technology. Accessibility here is being referred to the accessibility of the pool as it was recently introduced in the village and before this people do not have proper access to visit to the area. Many of the children were also not aware regarding the idea of pool as some of the children looked shocked. However, it has been observed that since the time pool has been introduced and pool became accessible to the kids, there has been a greater level of physical activity. As seen in the video pool has not only impacted the physical health of the children but also somewhere influenced the mental wellbeing as the students look much happy and satisfied (Project0r, 2008). Swimming pool is the innovation and example of technology as it includes use of various scientific ideas and technologies to maintain the proper temperature and to keep the water clean. The healthcare services which people got from this include their idea regarding the health.

Pool can be considered both as a positive and negative factor which has influenced the heath of the child in both ways. In positive ways, it increased the interest of the children to take part in the physical activity and to increase their interest in school as there was a notion, ‘NO SCHOOL, NO POOL’ (Project0r, 2008). This has increased the interest of the children to go to the school so that they can swim. However, there are some of the health issues which is being brought by the pool as the people of the village are not much used to the exposure of chemicals, there are increased number of chemicals which is being put in the pool for maintain pH level and temperature. Since the time children started going to the pool, there has been increased cases of skin infection which also affected their well-being (O’Brien et al., 2018). This is a major concern as the village does not have a proper access to the healthcare services so that they are able to take care of themselves. However, people were more concerned that because of the pool, children’s behaviours have been changed drastically which can be clearly observed and because of this they were happy with the introduction of pool.

Technology has affected life of individuals in many ways and since the time technology is being used in the context of health, it can be easily observed that there has been improvement in health outcomes. One of the best example is introduction of patient portal through which they can easily track the progress in their health along with can get immediate response from the healthcare professionals (Bitton et al., 2017). This also improved the level of understanding between patient and doctor and the way they used to analyse things.

Answer 3.

One of the best and Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion strategy which can be included and connected to this video include enable. This factor suggests that people from any ethnic background and any social status should have proper access to the health and there should be disparity when the people are approaching towards the healthcare. This has been observed in the video as well as different children got access to the swimming pool and when they were enjoying the access of the pool, there was no disparity (Project0r, 2008). This should be maintained by every individual and Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion also suggest this.

Indigenous Australians have been facing healthcare disparity since a long time and there has been disparity in the other platforms as well. With an increase in the declined health status of these people and the issues faced by them, there have been various initiatives by different healthcare organisation which make sure that every individual should have proper access to the healthcare and there will be no disparity among this. This also improved the health status of indigenous people in various ways (Thompson, Watson & Tilford, 2018). Healthcare organisation in Australian is also working towards providing the patient centred care so that the people can be a part of their care plan and they can make effective decisions.

Answer 4.

Cultural competence can be defined as ability of an individual to effectively interact, work as well as develop, meaningful relationship with the people with people of different cultural backgrounds. This not only increases the level of communication but has been effective in various ways (Henderson et al., 2018). This helps to understand the issues being faced by the other ethnic group and to reduce the chance of biasness in the society. it is important to understand the meaning of cultural competence for determining the success of the project so as to understand the level to which the children interacted with each other as they have a common factor -pool.

This is also important to notice changes in the interaction and relation withing the children, which is seen to be improved with time. cultural competence can be seen in various areas and has been useful in various ways, but one of the best example which can be observed include valuing different ability and beliefs of the child (Project0r, 2008). Different child grows in different cultural space and there has been differences in the understanding ability of these child. To understand the individuality and differences of the child, it is important to respect the cultural difference and this way cultural competence can be developed.

References

Bitton, A., Ratcliffe, H. L., Veillard, J. H., Kress, D. H., Barkley, S., Kimball, M., ... & Hirschhorn, L. R. (2017). Primary health care as a foundation for strengthening health systems in low-and middle-income countries. Journal of general internal medicine, 32(5), 566-571.

Henderson, S., Horne, M., Hills, R., & Kendall, E. (2018). Cultural competence in healthcare in the community: A concept analysis. Health & Social Care in the Community, 26(4), 590-603.

Moore, T. H. M., Kesten, J. M., López-López, J. A., Ijaz, S., McAleenan, A., Richards, A., ... & Audrey, S. (2018). The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: systematic review. Health & place, 53, 237-257.

O’Brien, A. P., Hurley, J., Linsley, P., McNeil, K. A., Fletcher, R., & Aitken, J. R. (2018). Men’s preconception health: a primary health-care viewpoint. American Journal of Men's health, 12(5), 1575-1581.

Project0r. (2008). No School No Pool. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqZtQEe9maY 

Sharma, M., Pinto, A. D., & Kumagai, A. K. (2018). Teaching the social determinants of health: a path to equity or a road to nowhere?. Academic medicine, 93(1), 25-30.

Thompson, S. R., Watson, M. C., & Tilford, S. (2018). The Ottawa Charter 30 years on: still an important standard for health promotion. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 56(2), 73-84.

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