NURS3002 Being a Professional Nurse or Midwife

Introduction

A registered nurse is expected to practice his/her professional role under all nursing professional standards to improve the health outcomes of any patient presented to him/her. When these professional standards are applied appropriately, they reduce the risk factors associated with illness and misdiagnosis. The application of registered nursing standards improves the competence of any registered nurse. Caring for patients with a wound must follow these nursing standards when targeting positive results. Therapeutic interventions are applied when the condition is well analysed to avoid missing any important detail. The collected data calls for an intervention that could help manage and treat a septic wound. However, these interventions have their impacts on health outcomes. When the Australian registered nursing standards are not adhered to, some consequences might follow later, leading to the mortality of the patients. In any approach made by a nurse, he/she must follow these professional nursing standards to ensure the provision of quality care.

Professional experience

In my last placement in a hospital in Australia, I attended several patients with septic wounds. One of the patients, a male of age 48 years, had developed a more inflamed septic wound. His injury was attained during kidney transplant, the wound had unsatisfactory progress of healing, and it needed an intervention which was to be based on the registered nursing standards. The patient stated that his body did not respond appropriately to the injury, and it had signs of inflammation, pain, and swelling (Haesler & Ousey, 2018).  As a nurse, I had to apply professional nursing standards and ethics in facilitating positive results of the wound.  I had to book for admission of the patient for close observation and proper management of the wound. Therapeutic interventions were necessary through appropriate medication and close monitoring of the patient. These interventions were more based on professional ethics and nursing standards. As a nursing student, I could observe success in these therapeutic interventions, and I was so observant when implementing these strategies. Some factors could hinder the wound healing process and could be minimized through proper wound dressing, cleaning regularly, and infection control around the wound. Caution has to be taken to avoid other possible secondary diseases when treating an injury as they could cause delayed healing. Pain and infection control was my priority as they were the leading causes of the delayed healing process. Wound review was to be intervened through oral and intravenous medication intake, reducing the secondary infection and facilitating the healing process (Weller, Team, & Sussman, 2020).

Australia registered nurse professional and nursing standards

In Australia, some professional nursing standards must be followed in every therapeutic or medical intervention. As a nurse, in the experience mentioned above, he/she will have to critically analyse the nursing practice and engage in therapeutic and professional relationships with the patients (Cashin et al., 2017). When critically analysing the intervention to be used in wound review, a nurse must develop an approach that reflects experience, actions and identify beliefs that could shape her practice. Engaging in a therapeutic relationship with the patient, a nurse must provide support and directions to optimize the decisions made concerning wound management (Halcomb et al., 2017).

Thinking critically and analysing nursing practice.

In this professional standard developing practice through reflection on knowledge, experiences, feelings, and actions shall be applied (1.2). This will help to utilize the acquired knowledge and take measures to manage wounds. I had to analyse the rate at which the infection had affected the patient's health after kidney transplant and applied the most appropriate nursing care of cleaning, dressing, and using proper medications (Ossenberg, Mitchell, & Henderson, 2020).

The actions required in wound review of the patient were more reliant on my management decisions. I had to analyse the wound, take all the vitals from the patient, and apply actions that will lead to achieving my goals. Wound review will be diagnosed through pain, oedema, and temperature rise to the infected region or the whole body. All these factors will cause inflammation, delayed healing, foul odour, discoloration of granulation tissue, and pocketing of the base of the wound (Jones, 2018). I could always call the doctor whenever these conditions worsened for further guidance.

Determining care goals and promoting a multidisciplinary approach in the wound review will be through daily cleansing of the wound. The actions that will be necessary for the patient to heal appropriately will be removing the visible debris and other infected tissues, removing the excess or dry skin layers. The rate of infection will be controlled if all these actions were taken around the wound region. I had to change the choice of dressing to facilitate a new phase of the wound healing stage. The choice of dressing depends on the infection caused by the wound, and I had to do my assessment of the wound and evaluate the suitable selection of dressing for the wound. The appropriate mode of dressing has a significant effect on the quality and rate of healing in any septic wound. Reflection in this nursing standard suggested that a patient must understand the condition and be aware of their responsibility in maintaining their health. The knowledge of assessing therapeutic interventions will demand the nurse to work with other health professionals (Gethin et al. 2020). When applying the actions stated, a nurse must consider other factors that could cause the wound to have a slow healing process. Factors that could cause slow healing includes stress, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, inadequate medication, and obesity. These factors might influence the healing process, and the wound might not resolve as required (O’Brien et al., 2018).  Taking drugs that would optimize the healing process and proper self-care will be required by the patient. A nurse's therapeutic requirement will advise the patient through adequate intake of food rich in vitamin C in his diet, keeping the wound dressed, having regular exercises to increase the blood flow, and managing chronic medication intake such as diabetic drugs. As a nurse, I prescribed painkillers (nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory and drugs) and antibiotics to facilitate the healing process (O’Brien et al., 2018). These therapeutic interventions will make it necessary for the patient to recover fully from the infected wound. The treatment goals will be met by applying knowledge gained, and I will shape my experience in nursing (Henderson et al., 2021).

Therapeutic interventions in the professional relationship

In registered nurse professional standard 2.0, registered nurses have to provide support and directs patients on using resources and optimizing health decision-making through advice (2.4). This professional standard requires a nurse to offer therapeutic interventions and develop trust and respect in all professional relationships (Cashin et al., 2017). The required standards directed the nurse to establish interventions for wound treatment and review. These required effective therapeutic interventions that met professional standards; this was made through some actions that required full utilization of the available resources. The available resources that the nurse advised for use were the change of medication, good wound hygiene practices, and proper dieting. These interventions would cause changes to the septic wound that might not be healing due to other underlying conditions. The nurse used educational intervention; this consisted of nutrition education, hygiene education, proper medication, and intervention strategies that could be home-based (Weller et al. 2020).

The patient will be directed to keep the wound away from bacterial infection and keep the wound region moist. This will be by applying a topical cream and antiseptic agents while dressing and cleaning the wound. Topical antibiotics will enhance healing by destructing the micro-organisms that might be slowing the healing process. Although these topical creams should not be used for a long time, they offer protection from intruding bacteria, and a dressing should cover them after application. The patient will be taught how to clean the wound after hospital discharge and what he should use to facilitate healthy healing.  The available resources from the hospital and patient will be well utilized when managing the wound (Huxhagen, 2018). These resources will promote healing and offer support to the patient, and positive results will be seen. The patient will be supported by being subjected to a management plan in and outside the hospital. He will be supported with the appropriate dressing materials obtained from the hospital. Follow-ups from the nurse and other medical personnel will be required to see the progress of the wound healing (Olsson et al., 2019).

They were advised to monitor their wound at home and rule out any threatening signs to their health providers. This intervention could lower the risk of taking expired medication that could bring adverse effects to their bodies. A therapeutic intervention like pain relievers will be used to control his condition. Antibiotics drugs like flucloxacillin were administered accordingly to reduce the inflammation and bacterial infection levels in these patients. Patients were urged to be taking these medications regularly according to the prescribed dosage and at the correct time (Lindsay et al., 2017).

The nurse supported the patient in making good decisions that could lead to better health outcomes. Through these interventions, actions were made to implement them; these actions included mobilizing the patient in any gathering and offer education on how they could manage their wounds after surgery or any transplant. The resources that were available at hand were used in these interventions. However, this intervention experienced some resistance as not every patient can be able to embrace it. Mutual trust and respect for people's culture were evident in these therapeutic interventions. Australian nurses are expected to lay down frameworks for these interventions to embrace the patients and improve their health outcomes fully. Therapeutic intervention requires policies to benefit the targeted mass; these policies must be developed concerning nursing standards to improve patients' health outcomes. When engaging in therapeutic interventions, not only in wound review but also in other conditions, a nurse can be generous enough to develop professional relationships with patients and other health professionals (Halcomb et al., 2017). This will make their plans be implemented quickly, and positive health outcomes through wound healing will be evident (McCosker et al., 2019).

Impacts of critical thinking and analysis in nursing practice

Using nursing professional standards in treating and managing septic wounds can have positive and negative consequences like cellulitis (a deeper infection of the body tissues/skin). A positive result can be seen when patient data is assessed, and a patient can live with this condition as it lowers the risk and damages to some body parts. Critical analysis of septic can notify a nurse of the leading cause of an infected wound, and a patient can be advised accordingly n how he will reduce the risks. When actions are considered, these infections can be prevented. Inadequate assessment and not meeting critical thinking nursing standards while reviewing a wound can cause nerve damage. This can be evident when small blood vessels are damaged by high infection levels around the wound and tend to cause cellulitis to body tissues and the blood vessels that supply nerves with blood. When insufficient analysis criteria are used in wound review, consequences are fatal; a person's nerves can be damage. Poor actions and analysis can even lead to malfunction of the replaced kidney; this calls for a nurse to critically assess the cause and take measures to minimize some of these complications (Birks et al., 2017).

Some positive outcomes are evident when proper assessment and therapeutic actions are met. The patient can manage his/her wound and live a comfortable life when they minimize the risk factors and infections. Nurses can deliver care in the given timeline, and positive health outcomes are evident. Some symptoms are ruled out when actions are taken to prevent and protect people with septic wound risk factors; this facilitates healing. The patient will have to adapt to the newly advised strategies that will promote healing. Collaboration between health professionals and patients is strengthened in critical analyses that have met the required professional and nursing standards. Cooperation makes it easy for a patient to access health care in the facility, saving time and cost. When nursing standards are used in critical analysis, communication is efficient, and the patient can give the required information during wound review assessment. This analysis helps nurses know any historical risk factors and actions taken to minimize them, thus improving patient health. Critical thinking skills and knowledge when used together, patient health outcome is positively affected, and they can live healthily. Diagnosis is more straightforward when using this nursing standard, and therefore treatment can be given without any hesitation to positively impact people's septic wounds. When the professional standards of critical analysis are neglected, and violated (Halcomb et al., 2017), there are high chances of misdiagnosis and mortality, resulting in wound management. Actions were taken to either prevent the infection or manage it usually depend on critical analysis (Phillips, Duke  & Weerasuriya, 2017).

Impacts of therapeutic and professional relationships

There are consequences of using these therapeutic interventions while managing a surgical wound; they can negatively or positively impact patient management. When they have adhered to, positive outcomes are evident, but they can lead to mortality; therapeutic interventions are made in this disease. The patient has to develop positive and negative impacts when implemented. Post-surgical patients are advised to be physically active; this is very helpful to them as they facilitate blood flow; this makes the blood circulate in the body and promotes nerve repair (Iretiola, Oyepata, & Usman, 2020).

A nurse is expected to be taking action in this intervention and lead as an example. The use of resources available in this therapeutic intervention reduces the cost and other miscellaneous requirements in managing septic wounds. When courtesy is not practiced in these interventions, respect and trust from the patient cannot be seen, and thus management can interfere with it. Therapeutic intervention of drugs in this condition needs to be practiced with the nursing professional standards; this will help proper dosage and timely administration. Improper administration can lead to worsening of the situation and sometimes high dosage. When using drug therapy, a patient heals faster because the infection is under control; the use of antibiotics, NSAIDs, and other drugs in wound management will reduce the signs and symptoms of an infected wound and, thus, prolonged wellbeing (Fong et al. 2017).  These therapeutic interventions make it easier for a person to take on her daily responsibilities and be productive. Nurses are advised to make dietary interventions for these patients. When administering dietary interventions, they must follow the required nursing standards to impact patient's health positively (Halcomb et al., 2017). The dietary intervention also helps maintain body weight, and thus these patients cannot be obese or overweight due to observation of diet. When diet and exercise are combined, a positive impact is evident in these patients with septic wounds (Gethin et al., 2020). Through dietary advice, the body will be nourished with the required nutrients, and it will be able to fight infections at the wound through a stable immune system. Patients are urged to collaborate with health professionals to ensure these therapeutic interventions are exercised, and positive outcomes are seen (Kurmis, Woodward, Ryan, & Rice, 2021).

Conclusion

Nursing standards that are professionally practiced improving management and treatment given to patients. Nurses are advised to use their skills and knowledge in practice, and they should not go against these standards. These standards are revised time to help the nurses and other health professionals offer their services smoothly. Collaboration between patients and other health stakeholders is required to facilitate the positive results of the practicing standards.  Therapeutic intervention in any medical case is very significant because it requires a developed framework to implement it. Patients are expected to benefit from the framework if it has met all the considerations. Nursing standards are very significant in every aspect, and a nurse must develop a reasonable investigation before providing care. They help identify procedures, processes, and actions needed in every individual (Halcomb et al., 2017).

References

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Cashin, A., Heartfield, M., Bryce, J., Devey, L., Buckley, T., Cox, D., ...& Fisher, M. (2017). Standards for practice for registered nurses in Australia. Collegian, 24(3), 255-266.

Fong, J., Buckley, T., Cashin, A., & Pont, L. (2017). Nurse practitioner prescribing in Australia: A comprehensive literature review. Australian critical care, 30(5), 252-259.

Gethin, G., Probst, S., Stryja, J., Christiansen, N., & Price, P. (2020). Evidence for person-centred care in chronic wound care: A systematic review and recommendations for practice. Journal of wound care, 29(Sup9b), S1-S22.

Gethin, G., Probst, S., Stryja, J., Christiansen, N., & Price, P. (2020). Evidence for person-centred care in chronic wound care: A systematic review and recommendations for practice. Journal of wound care, 29(Sup9b), S1-S22.

Haesler, E., &Ousey, K. (2018). Evolution of the wound infection continuum. Wounds International, 9(4), 6-10.

Halcomb, E., Stephens, M., Bryce, J., Foley, E., & Ashley, C. (2017). The development of professional practice standards for Australian general practice nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(8), 1958-1969.

Henderson, J., Willis, E., Blackman, I., Verrall, C., & McNeill, L. (2021). Comparing infection control and ward nurses' views of the omission of infection control activities using the Missed Nursing Care Infection Prevention and Control (MNCIPC) Survey. Journal of nursing management.

Huxhagen, K. (2018). CPD: Supporting your practice: Wound management and dressings. Australian Pharmacist, 37(8), 38-44.

Iretiola, B. M., Oyepata, J. S., & Usman, B. P. (2020). A Survey of Wound Care Practices by Nurses in a Clinical Setting. International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, 6(5), 74-81.

Jones, F. (2018). Wound care manual [Book Review]. Wound Practice & Research: Journal of the Australian Wound Management Association, 26(2), 110.

Kurmis, R., Woodward, M., Ryan, H., & Rice, J. (2021). The importance of nutrition in wound management: new evidence from the past decade. Wound Practice & Research, 29(1).

Lindsay, E., Renyi, R., Wilkie, P., Valle, F., White, W., Maida, V., ...& Foster, D. (2017). Patient-centred care: a call to action for wound management. Journal of wound care, 26(11), 662-677.

McCosker, L., Tulleners, R., Cheng, Q., Rohmer, S., Pacella, T., Graves, N., &Pacella, R. (2019). Chronic wounds in Australia: A systematic review of key epidemiological and clinical parameters. International wound journal, 16(1), 84-95.

O’Brien, D. P., Friedman, N. D., McDonald, A., Callan, P., Hughes, A., Walton, A., &Athan, E. (2018). Wound healing: Natural history and risk factors for delay in Australian patients treated with antibiotics for Mycobacterium ulcerans disease. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 12(3), e0006357.

Olsson, M., Järbrink, K., Divakar, U., Bajpai, R., Upton, Z., Schmidtchen, A., & Car, J. (2019). The humanistic and economic burden of chronic wounds: a systematic review. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 27(1), 114-125.

Ossenberg, C., Mitchell, M., & Henderson, A. (2020). Adoption of new practice standards in nursing: revalidation of a tool to measure performance using the Australian registered nurse standards for practice. Collegian, 27(4), 352-360.

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Weller, C. D., Bouguettaya, A., Team, V., Flegg, J., Kasza, J., &Jayathilake, C. (2020). Associations between patient, treatment, or wound‐level factors and venous leg ulcer healing: Wound characteristics are the key factors in determining healing outcomes. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 28(2), 211-218.

Weller, C. D., Team, V., &Sussman, G. (2020). First-line interactive wound dressing update: a comprehensive review of the evidence. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, 155.

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