NURS434 Community Health Promotion

Introduction

The Ottawa charter for health promotion is considered to be the blueprint of health promotion practice in the states of Canada. According to the Ottawa charter, health promotion stands for the process of enabling the population to have a control over tehri health and thereby know means to improve the same (First International Conference on Health Promotion, 2021). The promotion of health in the nation is thereby highly based upon the personal as well the social actions that determine the health of the population. Therefore, promotion of health stands to be one of the crucial factors to address the health issues that affect public health. Therefore, to resolve a healthcare issue that is prevalent in a community, the public health concepts need to be identified and thereby addressed (Foth, & Holmes, 2018). This essay aims to identify the public health concepts in the Canadian population suffering from cancer and thereby describe approaches that affect the health issue and what can be done to manage the issue better.

Population health

Cancer accounts for a huge burden of disease in Canada. It contributes to about 9.6 million deaths that is about 2% of annual deaths in every 100000 men. About 185 succumb to cancer in every 100000 women 135 women succumb to cancer. (Kripke,2016) Cancer also contributes to a number of disabilities in the country, mainly due to the amputation of body parts. It contributes to about 28% of total disability cases in women and about 22% of disability cases in men. (Barnes,2016).  In addition to the physical effect that cancer has, it also effects the emotional and psychological health of the patients. The continued treatment regimens and physiological changes that may result from chemotherapy or radiation therapy often leads to distress, anxiety or even depression. The changes include loss of hair, fatigue, constipation, osteoporosis and anemia. Cancer deaths and injuries not only affect the individual but the society at large (Smith, et al.,2019). The disease may affect the daily functionality of the individual making them dependent on a caregiver further affecting the self-esteem and autonomy. The therapy and treatment are further expensive and can be an economic burden to the patient or tehri family as well.  Nurses in Canada can play a major role of educating to influence behavioral change and societal change as well as evaluate and implement cancer combating programs in Canada. They can help relieve the patients of their emotional as well as financial burden by helping them connect to support groups and financial aid programs. They can further help with community based and person centric care so that the patient feels valued.

A concept map of cancer health promotion

Health

The health of the individual highly influences the risk of acquiring cancer. There can be influencing and risk factors of acquiring this condition some may be avoidable and others can be genetic and non-modifiable. If the community is well aware of the factors that influence the incidence of cancer, they can be well equipped with better management strategies for avoidance of the condition (Mwaka et al., 2016.) Factors such as the lifestyle of a person contribute significantly to the risk of acquiring cancer. This varies from the type of food one eats, which can increase the cell division rate, bringing cancer exposure to cancer-causing products such as aflatoxin asbestos beryllium and benzene (Panda,Chen,& Benjamin,2020). Increases the rate of contracting cancer by about 87% people maintain a healthy body weight to avoid the risk of acquiring cancer. Some behaviors like smoking and drinking should be avoided since they are the foremost contributors to chronic cancer. Doing a thorough family background about the presence of the past cancer history equips one with the level at which they risk contracting cancer (Elmore, 2016).  The human papillomavirus has been one of the most ways of contracting cancer; therefore, the community should ensure that they are safe at all times.

Health promotion

Community health promotion plays a significant role in ensuring that the community is aware of the risks involved with cancer. The community health promotion program involves three strategies that are essential in managing cancer and its incidence (Fang et al 2019). The nursing professionals can work by engaging the community, empowering them, and motivating them toward better management of the condition. The three strategies work together harmoniously to ensure that community health promotion is a success by influencing behavioral and societal change.

Prevention through engagement

The community must be engaged in the health promotion program. Engagement can be defined as involving the affected community as a way of intervention to solve a health problem. Planning a community-based education helps the community engage in a learning episode (Bang et al 2018). This type of education gives a platform for asking and clarifying cancer related information. The government is also engaged at the legislative level to help formulate policies that will help govern the treatment of cancer and help curb the spread of cancer. Policies such as providing affordable and subsidized medical care provides an opportunity for the financially unstable population to receive treatment. To curb the risk of widespread cancer, the government formulate policies that burn the selling of drugs such as tobacco products and alcohol to underage children. (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016).  Increases on tax on the same products also seems ideal to reduce the level of drug and substance abuse. A policy that ensures that all works who are working in companies that might expose them to cancer-causing products have an insurance cover. This ensures that if they are affected, their families are compensated. In case of the person's death, the cover also ensures the person of treatment. Processes food also Couse a lot of cancer cases (Lee, et al 2016). The preservative used might end up causing body cell to multiply uncontrollably causing cancer if a policy if formed to ensure that all the processed food meet the standards of consumption and they do not cause any harm to any of the consumers. This will help reduce the cases drastically. The community need to be aware of such policies, which will come in handy when combating cancer. It is the role of the nurse to engaged in assessment and identification of the needed policies required to curb the spread of cancer in Canada especially among the adults and recommend the to the government for policy formulation.

Positive health education through Empowerment

Information is power and when one is informed, they have the power to make decisions that influence their life Empowerment can be defined as giving the community greater control over the decisions affecting their lives (WHO 2018). To change a community mode of thinking and behavior impacting the proper knowledge works wonders as far as the knowledge is helpful in their lives. One of the most effective ways of empowering people is through awareness. Awareness can be created in various ways, such as using media. Media is a very effective tool in spreading information. A promotion program should seize the moment and utilize the media. Mass media can be used to air programs with helpful information about combating cancer. (Howard,2020).  It can also be used to air advertisement that warns on the causing risk factors of cancer or even gives advice on evading cancer. Print media can also be used by printing articles that discuss the impacts of cancer on articles on how to avoid contracting cancer. Social media is one the most effective media to transmit cancer related information. Guidance and counselling programs in schools, churches or other public facilities and functions can also be salvaged for mass education on cancer awareness media influences decision making. (Perse, & Lambe, 2016) One is able to make a decision depending on the information obtained from the media. This sound decision will be used in combating cancer. The success of a community health program highly depends on the involvement of the median in creating awareness as a way of empowering society. The nurse plays a major role in educating the community on the risks of contacting cancer and how to prevent and avoid contacting cancer. The nurse can educate the community and help to influence societal and behavioral change.

Health protection through Motivation

For every project to service, there must be a motivation behind the project. Motivation is an effective way to curb the widespread of cancer, especially in those aged adult group in cananda. Motivation can be defined as the actions to encourage the affected community to avoid or recover from a health problem. (Heckhausen,Wrosch, & Schulz,2019).  Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic .extrinsic motivation comes from others encouraging a cancer patient. This helps the patient's recovery. Giving them moral support increases the chances of recovery by 40%. Intrinsic is self-motivation to recover from cancer. This comes from an individual will and zeal for cancer. It is going to come in four ways. Physical motivation involves encouraging a healthy diet and regular exercise to keep the body fit. This helps reduce the chances of contracting cancer (Tanaka,2017). For a patient, a healthy diet and regular exercise help in the improvement of their health conditions. The immune system is boosted, and the body can withstand therapies and treatments. Emotional motivation and being around loved ones help in combating cancer. The victim gains the will to leave to enjoy the love of family members. One can appreciate their health status and make good decisions like seeking medical treatment. Psychological therapy involves a personal level. One is advised to share with others about their conditions to avoid emotions such as anxiety, depression, stress and distress participating in group activities such as expressive support groups. (Dryman,& Heimberg,2018).  Group psychotherapy and a mindful stress reduction program plays a significant role in cancer recovery. One can relate with others and understand that they are not alone in the conditions. The group activities enable the cancer patients to seek medication and treatment such as chemotherapies and radiotherapies. The treatment is effective in the of cancer. For cancer to be treated the nurse plays the central role in motivating the cancer patients by offering encouragement and guidance through the various therapies used in cancer treatment. Advising people on living a healthy life style is a primary role of a nurse to help the person to stay away from cancer

Primary health care

To reduce cancer to zero, primary health care needs to be highly involved. Using cancer patients and survivors to create awareness, they bring a cage of behavior to the people living without cancer and those at risk of having cancer by improving their quality of life living standards and avoiding cancer-causing activities. Through their testimonies, the community initiative towards fighting cancer is reinforced and strengthened. (Winters,& Kelley, 2017).  Nurses are also involved from primary intervention to secondary and tertiary intervention. Through constant cancer screening, nurses help identify early symptoms of cancer and help in the treatment nurses are also involved in providing education to the community on cancer-causing risk factors and how to reduce the risk of cancer nurses also help educate the community on early symptoms of cancer ad guide the patient on how to avoid the killer disease. Nurses also play a significant role in mobilizing the community to fight cancer by being involved in policy formulation. (Onubeze, 2020).  When nurses support and start a community program that is meant to fight cancer, the community embraces the program, which in turn becomes effective in combating cancer. It is the role of nurses in Canada to evaluate the ongoing cancer program to determine their effectiveness. Nurses are also the mantle of implementation of programs meant to combat cancer   

Conclusion

Therefore, the above paragraphs conclude that the public health concepts such as health, public health, health promotion and primary healthcare could be highly beneficial to combat incidence as well as management of cancer in the adult population of Canada. The nursing professionals can play a huge part in educating the patients as well as their family to help manage the condition better and thereby improve their quality of life. They can further educate the general public about the importance of a healthy lifestyle which can help decrease their risk of acquiring cancer.

Referencing

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