NUR368 Global Health Social Justice and Sustainability

Introduction

After the globalization of people and economy in the late 1970s, a tremor in Alaska has the potential to quake lands in Australia. Climate change environment pollution trades in animals poaching of wildlife and excessive consumption of animal meat have given rise to global pandemics from time to time (Atkenson, 2020). A zoonotic disease is the most controversial and intriguing conspiracy that modern-day researchers often try to suppress just to promote the billion-dollar meat and food processing industry. Bus for the global public health challenges have emerged down the line and in particular since the last two decades, there is a sudden rise of pandemics and serious global health issues (Lambert et al., 2020, p.312). The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of global health challenges in context to the United States and then comparing with Australia and to discuss the implications and recommendations for a better healthy and prosperous society in the coming future.

Global Healthcare Challenge

Since the declaration of Taiwan, on 31st December 2019, the Chinese puppet world health organization has tried to suppress the news of spreading of Wuhan coronavirus across the globe. The WHO's ineptness and Chinese obsequiousness have tremendously shaken the world and confine it within the four walls (Lambert et al., 2020, p.313). After three months of Taiwan’s declaration finally, the WHO was forced to officially announce the covid-19 as a pandemic, and thereafter it caused irreparable consequences and irreversible damage that has been made to the global economy and people (Atkeson, 2020). Public health is a very sensitive issue and particularly in case of an imaging outbreak be it in the endemic stage or then epidemic the country's public health agencies and ministries must take rapid action and proper communication that could be shared globally so that it a disaster could be prevented (Haleem & Javaid, 2020). The well-established medical infrastructure of the United States is vehemently shaken by the sudden onset of covid-19 and has been dilapidated tremendously with a massive blow and with the death of more than 1 million people an infection of 32 million. Not only the US, developed countries such as Italy, France, the United Kingdom, Spain and major European Union economies had to impose lockdown to cope with the challenges and grass for the virus. However, countries such as India and Australia have shown a tremendous level of leadership in tackling the virus framing policies, and safeguarding its people. The number of death is the highest in the United States with a very high instruction rate in California Texas Florida and New York contributing to over 2 million deaths in the four places. The country had to impose lockdown and covid-19 preparedness as prescribed by the United States center for disease control and prevention and the world health organization’s guidelines regarding coronavirus disease (Fauci et al., 2020). After the first wave in March 2020, and then then the sudden second-wave in March 2021 countries around the globe have restarted to impose short-term and long-term lockdowns according to the need of the situation and rise in the number of cases. The United States is not exempted where more than 90,000 cases are being reported on a regular basis and with Delhi death of 950 has continuously challenged the health infrastructure and medical setup of the world’s most developed country (Tuttle, 2020, p.563). The USA has always been a capitalist country that is the global spokesperson of capitalism and market-based colonialism has always taken business and commerce in the first place much before its people. This indecisiveness and inability of the government have accounted for over 555,712 deaths so far with a serious degree of community transmission (Hindson, 2020, p.269). There were a lot of players in the role of manufacturing and supplying vaccines the AstraZeneca vaccine by Oxford: Covishield and fully indigenous vaccine made by the Bharat Biotech & the Serum Institute of India: Covaxin have come with flying colors. India is such a country that has proven to the world that is the global powerhouse of pharmacy and vaccine manufacturing. Under the current national governments’ regime, the country has not only supplied vaccines to its local people but also it has supplied coronavirus vaccines to more than 84 countries across the globe with a massive immunization rate, far ahead of the United States and the UK (Cao, 2020, p. 270). India is a global leader in vaccination immunization and coronavirus preparedness with a prediction of more than 12.5% growth of the Indian economy in the coming fiscal year as mentioned in a report made by the international monetary fund signifying the only country to have a single double-digit growth in 2021 sweeping behind developed countries such as the US, the UK, and European economies and thrashing the Chinese economy (Dev & Sengupta, 2020). The United States is continuously rolling out doses of modern vaccines made by Pfizer and steel grappling with reaching the elderly minorities and people who are at greater risk of covid-19 (Wakeman, Green & Rich, 2020, p. 819). In a state like Mississippi, 38% of state residents are people of color but they only e get access to 17% of the state’s vaccine. It is such a stigmatizing fact for unscrupulous countries like the United States wherein such a time of their consequences and other need of a Unified Framework for analyzing and vaccinating people so that the country could be saved out of the grasp of covid-19 (Ghebreyesus, 2020, p.900).

The shameful and mean-minded government policy is being followed by the state governments for people are being discriminated against based on their color race and are forcefully being tortured to disclose their personal identities which is a strict violation of the citizens’ liberty and individual rights (Arshid, M. A., Mumtaz, M., & Nazir, 2020, p-8). There is a huge confusion among the elderly citizens of the country who were trying to register for vaccination via the mobile phone but ultimately a situation of pandemonium has been created over there because of which uncountable did something happened due to the malfunctioning and long term side effects caused by the vaccine made by Pfizer (Shakil et al., 2020).

Discussion and Implication

The coronavirus disease has tremendously shaken the United States economy and political stability by disrupting life and creating incomparable breathlessness and palpitation in the healthcare system. The situation has become extremely perplexed to the medicine that even after vaccination and passive immunization drives the country is globally posited at the first place in terms of total cases and most number of deaths (Adolph et al., 2021, p.222). In the middle of September 2020, the country has experienced it reminders of economic slowdown unemployment inflation why people lost their jobs like never before and the entire healthcare system of the country was in a serious panic and situation of utter disappointment and resentment. The densely populated urban centers spread the virus to the farthest rural corners of the country and have infected the lives of the people that access to health access to life and access to quality care (Maital & Barzani, 2020, p.9).  after the voluntary social distancing and lockdowns that took effect since march 2020 the country was gradually recovering towards betterment and normalcy but being a capitalist country from the code the government never wanted it to close the economy even for a single day and because of which a lot of economic activities and other functionaries were working so that the capitol could earn cash on the people's grave (Sharif, A., Aloui, C., & Yarovaya, 2020). The serious economic downturn was instantiated by the massive blow of the panoramic by dismantling the country with unemployment business closures quarantine lockdowns and unprecedented collapse of supply chains across the country. According to research by the national bureau of economic research the country has faced the highest ever inflation-adjusted over the gross domestic product in terms of a pig business cycle through the quarter was highest since June 2009. The GDP of the country declined towards resistance into cycles and has witnessed the steepest quarterly drop of the economic output of more than 9.1 % fall of GDP. Since 1947 the country has never ever experienced a drop in GDP greater than 3% which the people of America faced in June 2020. 113 straight months job losses wiped out the generation of new jobs employment and business operations (Gupta et al., 2020). The associated economic shutdowns bless the country with an irreversible crisis both in the socio-economic and as well as the geo-political level where the global powers are changing towards Asia and India is coming to the picture as the emerging global leader.in March 2020, the consumer goods, and household spending were drastically fallen by 8.7%, and 23% of job losses were also being witnessed during this phase. In 2020, the country's economy contracted at a 3.5 % rate which was the highest since 1946 and alarming levels of social parameters were also found such as 40.1 people delayed medical care, 26.5% housing insecurity, and 12.1% food scarcity (McKibbin & Fernando, 2020, p.50).

Australia is a country which has a very robust infrastructure of public health and primary care provided by nurses, health care workers and doctors along with allied healthcare professionals such as a pharmacist, dentist aboriginal health workers, community pharmacist, and midwives. The country has experienced the sharpest economic dive since the Great Depression of the 1930s (Maritz et al., 2020). In June 2020 the economy of Australia shrunk by 7% and was further approaching the abyss. According to the prime minister of Australia, Mr. Scott Morrison told the parliament that the day was devastating there for Australia where most of the organizations at a global level such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the United Nations development program was showing a quarterly contraction of 9.8 % and far deeper chances of the stagflation of the economy full stop the household spending of the country was lost by 12.1 percent with 7% fall in the business doing investment and massive panic buying events dismantle the supply chains and retail system of the country (O’Sullivan, D., Rahamathulla, M., & Pawar, 2020, p.137). Most of the people of the country during the pandemic have switched towards self-cooked meals and contributed significantly to reducing the food waste and huge panic in the psyche of the people because of which they started holding and stocking the materials for months. Australia did extremely well in tackling covid-19 by restricting the cases to only 20400 with the death toll of 909 which is the cause of envy to the major economies of the globe. The recovery rate of the country is exceptionally well why more than 19600 people were recovered that deserves a standing ovation and endless blessings of all corners of the earth. The major reason for the unprecedented reply to the pandemic is the state-of-the-art healthcare leadership and resilient public health infrastructure. However, the industries and economy of the country are enjoyed deeply along with dip repercussions in the tourism and travel industry as well. Australia stood strong in front of the pandemic and effectively tackled the rise in new cases of covid-19. The total vaccine uses that were employed in the country till 11th April 2021 was 1178302 and among them, 142990 doses were administered to the aged and disabled people (Thomas et al., 2020). Contradictorily there has been a tremendous vaccination rollout in Australia and because of which the rest of the people of the country are not willing to take the covid-19 vaccines going to hesitancy refusals and improper knowledge about the effectiveness of the vaccine. Public health debate in the country has alarmingly differentiated the opinions of people along with social media and government influences but the people are somehow not willing to trust the vaccination and immunization programs (Desborough et al., 2020, p.105). Percentage of Australians willing to be vaccinated 74.5 people in October 2020 and have a drop-down all the way to 66% in February 2021, implying a horrifying trend and future repercussions (Romano, 2020).

Conclusion

The paper discussed the biggest global healthcare challenge coronavirus pandemic that has shaken the big economies such as the US UK and China. The virus has not only e dismantled the global economy towards extreme unemployment and slowed down poverty but also has created massive panic, perplexity, and stalemate situations for the globe. Leadership from India in supplying vaccines to the world and tackling covid-19 cases along with effective preparedness from New Zealand and Australia the world should learn to effectively deal with the pandemic and to restore and remember the economy and health infrastructure. However, the leadership that Australia has shown in dealing with the Chinese virus is exemplary unprecedented that will guide the world in coping with the future challenges that the pandemic will impose.

References

Adolph, C., Amano, K., Bang-Jensen, B., Fullman, N., & Wilkerson, J. (2021). Pandemic politics: Timing state-level social distancing responses to COVID-19. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 46(2), 211-233.

Arshid, M. A., Mumtaz, M., & Nazir, R. (2020). Unforeseen challenges to global health system, in particular context to COVID-19 pandemic and health care personnel. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1-9.

Atkeson, A. (2020). What will be the economic impact of COVID-19 in the US? Rough estimates of disease scenarios (No. w26867). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Cao, X. (2020). COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nature reviews immunology, 20(5), 269-270.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). (2020). Retrieved 12 April 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/index.html

Desborough, J., Hall Dykgraaf, S., de Toca, L., Davis, S., Roberts, L., Kelaher, C., & Kidd, M. (2020). Australia’s national COVID-19 primary care response. Med J Aust, 213(3), 104-106.

Dev, S. M., & Sengupta, R. (2020). Covid-19: Impact on the Indian economy. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai April.

Fauci, A. S., Lane, H. C., & Redfield, R. R. (2020). Covid-19—navigating the uncharted.

Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2020). Safeguard research in the time of COVID-19. Nature Medicine, 26(443), 10-1038.

Gupta, M., Abdelmaksoud, A., Jafferany, M., Lotti, T., Sadoughifar, R., & Goldust, M. (2020). COVID‐19 and economy. Dermatologic therapy.

Haleem, A., & Javaid, M. (2020). Medical 4.0 and its role in healthcare during COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, 5(4).

Hindson, J. (2020). COVID-19: faecal–oral transmission?. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 17(5), 259-259.

Lambert, H., Gupte, J., Fletcher, H., Hammond, L., Lowe, N., Pelling, M., ... & Shanks, K. (2020). COVID-19 as a global challenge: towards an inclusive and sustainable future. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(8), e312-e314.

Maital, S., & Barzani, E. (2020). The global economic impact of COVID-19: A summary of research. Samuel Neaman Institute for National Policy Research, 2020, 1-12.

Maritz, A., Perenyi, A., de Waal, G., & Buck, C. (2020). Entrepreneurship as the unsung hero during the current COVID-19 economic crisis: Australian perspectives. Sustainability, 12(11), 4612.

McKibbin, W., & Fernando, R. (2020). The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios. Asian Economic Papers, 1-55.

O’Sullivan, D., Rahamathulla, M., & Pawar, M. (2020). The impact and implications of COVID-19: An Australian perspective. The International Journal of Community and Social Development, 2(2), 134-151.

Romano, F. (2020). An estimate of the economic impact of COVID-19 on Australia. Available at SSRN 3581382.

Shakil, M. H., Munim, Z. H., Tasnia, M., & Sarowar, S. (2020). COVID-19 and the environment: A critical review and research agenda. Science of the Total Environment, 141022.

Sharif, A., Aloui, C., & Yarovaya, L. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices, stock market, geopolitical risk and policy uncertainty nexus in the US economy: Fresh evidence from the wavelet-based approach. International Review of Financial Analysis, 70, 101496.

Thomas, T., Wilson, A., Tonkin, E., Miller, E. R., & Ward, P. R. (2020). How the media places responsibility for the COVID-19 pandemic–An Australian media analysis. Frontiers in public health, 8, 483.

Tuttle, K. R. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical research. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(10), 562-564.

Wakeman, S. E., Green, T. C., & Rich, J. (2020). An overdose surge will compound the COVID-19 pandemic if urgent action is not taken. Nature medicine, 26(6), 819-820.