SNM660 Evidence Based Practice

Introduction

The problem of the health care associated infections or HAIs is one of the most common problems for the health care setting and this condition is seriously affecting the patients and the health care professionals as well. This problem is prevalent in most of the countries around the world and HAIs are considered as a problem associated with the hospital related problems. The issue of the HAIs is greatly affecting the mortality of the patients as well which eventually affects the patient satisfaction issue as well (Boncea et al. 2021). In this essay, the critical analysis of the article associated with the microorganism related transmission in primary care setting is described.

Following the brief introduction to the problem of HAIs, the critical analysis of the selected article by using the CASP tool is described along with a short conclusion at the end of the essay.

The prevention of the infections in the primary health care setting is very essential as it helps to improve the mortality rate of the patients and the level of patient satisfaction in the hospital care setting. Moreover, the prevention of the microorganism related infection transmission would also eventually reduce the overall financial burden of the patients by reducing the readmission rate in the hospital and would reduce overall hospital stay days of the patients.

Discussion

Importance of Evidence Based Practice in Nursing

In the field of nursing the use of the evidence-based practice is very essential as it helps the nursing professionals to conduct and deliver the best possible care process to the patients admitted in the hospital care setting. The study of Hill (2017), it was reported that the evidence based practices are essential for the health care setting of UK and nurses are the primary stakeholders for implementing the evidence based practices in the health care setting of UK. Mallion and Brooke (2016) also supported the roles and responsibilities of the health care workers in the implementation of the evidence-based practices in the health care setting. The study also reported that the evidence-based practices are the implementation of the most updated options for treating any specific condition. The study reported that the knowledge level of the nurses and beliefs of the nurses towards the evidenced based practices. Albarqouni et al. (2018) identified the importance of the evidence-based practices in the health care setting in terms of improving the health care outcomes or treatment outcomes. This study also reported that the use of the evidence-based practices also improves the overall quality of the health care in the hospital care setting.

Research Paper Outline and Rationale for Choice

In the study of Maroldi et al. (2017) the researchers performed a qualitative study to detect the issues associated with the adherence to the prevention precautions for the microorganism related infections in the hospital care setting. In this qualitative study design, the researchers included 20 professionals including 11 community health workers, 4 nurses and 5 nursing assistants and after collecting the data from the participants the researchers performed thematic analysis to obtain the study results as well. The study reported that there are requirements of proper requirements for improving the transmission of the microorganism related infection in the hospital care setting as the researchers identified the lack of knowledge among the nurses and the health care providers of the identified hospital care setting. Initially the researchers had identified 45 participants who could be the probable sample population and from those participants 11 individuals were selected for the final study. For collecting the data from the participants, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews and it was conducted by two researchers who had worked as facilitator and observer.

The main reason of selecting this study is associated with the design of the study that is the qualitative study design. As the main aim of the research is to identify the factors associated with the transmission of the microorganism related infections in the hospital care setting and in this regard the perceptions and knowledge level of the nurses about the transmission process of microorganism related infections in the hospital care setting. According to the study of Elliott and Nicholson (2017), it is stated that the qualitative study helps to identify the perceptions of the individuals properly as in this study design the participants can easily reveal their thought processes and perception towards a particular topic. Henceforth, it can be stated that qualitative study design is appropriate for the aims of the study. The qualitative study design also allows the participants to answer the interview questions freely as use of open-ended questions allows to express their perceptions of the participants about the particular topic as well.

Critical Appraisal

In this section, the critical appraisal of the selected article is performed by using the CASP tool considering the questions of the CASP tool.

Q.2 The use of the qualitative methodology is completely appropriate for this study. The study tried to identify the knowledge level and barriers to the execution of the precautions for avoiding the transmissions of the microorganism in the primary health care setting. In order to address the aim of the study it is very essential to explore the viewpoints of the nurses and the health care professionals about the prevention strategies related to the microorganism related infections in the primary health care setting. Moreover, the qualitative study design will also allow the researchers to identify the changing behaviours of the study participants during the process of data collection. Moreover, the qualitative study design also provides a flexible approach to the researchers and the participants as the researchers can change the interview questions as per the requirements. Henceforth, it can be stated that the use of the qualitative study design allows the researchers to fulfil the aims of the current study and so the use of the qualitative study design is appropriate for this study (Maroldi et al. 2017).

Q.3 The researchers had correctly identified the research design appropriately considering the aims of the study. The researchers had also clearly justified the choice of the research design as the researchers wanted to gather ideas, feelings, attitudes and the perception of the health care setting to detect the knowledge level of the nurses and the health care professionals in the primary health care setting. Moreover, the researchers also aimed to identify the factors that can impact the adherence to the such measures for preventing the microorganism related infections in the primary health care setting (Maroldi et al. 2017).

Q.4 Yes, the recruitment of the participants to the current study design is proper as the researchers had initially engaged the FHS teams to take part of the study. However, as the qualitative study design restricted the researchers to calculate the sample size and ultimately the researchers had identified 45 participants with probable quality for being the subjects of the current study as well. Apart from that, the researchers also reported that the professionals directly recruited the participants through direct invitation from the workers engaged in the hospital care setting. According to the study of Acar et al. (2016), it is stated that the use of the convenient sampling is very much beneficial for selecting the participants for the study. Henceforth, it can be stated that the convenient sampling method would allow the researchers to identify only those who are eligible for the study. The researchers recruited twenty professionals initially and from them only 11 participants were finally selected for this particular study (Maroldi et al. 2017).

Q.5 Yes, the data were collected in a proper manner by the authors. The focus groups of the study were led by the two researchers and one of them acted as facilitator and another researcher acted as observer. In order to start and direct the interview sessions, the researchers performed a semi-structured interview and the day-to-day situations were presented by the authors in front of the participants. The study of Kallio (2016), reported the effectiveness of using the semi-structured interview in case of qualitative study design. In this context, it can be stated that the researchers can alter the interview questions as per the requirements of the research condition. The focus groups were conducted in Portuguese language and quotations were translated into English for this report. The researchers also had recorded the interview sessions of the participants and the collected data were transcribed by using the verbatim (Eaton, Stritzke and Ohan 2019). According to the study of Judger (2016), it was reported that the use of the verbatim and transcription of the interview data were well justified in various other studies and this method was also used by others in their qualitative study.

Q.6  No, the researchers did not properly address the relationship in between researchers and the participants and they had not properly identify the potential bias present in the study.

Q.7 Yes, the researchers had correctly identified the ethical issues during the performance of the research.  As a part of this, the researchers had collected the permission from the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos. Moreover, the researchers also had collected written and oral consent from the participants of the study. According to the study of   (), it is stated that the consent forms are mandatory for maintaining the ethics during the process of research (Nusbaum et al. 2017). Moreover, the use of the approval from the ethics committee during working with the human samples is also identified in different studies as well (Baker et al. 2016).

Q.8 Yes, the data analysis process is appropriate for this particular research as the researchers had used the thematic analysis method for this study. According to the study of Vaismoradi and Snelgrove (2019), it is stated that the thematic analysis is effective for the qualitative study. The thematic analysis is very effective for performing the qualitative study. The study of Vaismoradi et al. (2018) also supported the use of the thematic analysis in their qualitative study. The researchers also presented the sufficient amount of data. However, the researchers did not consider the contradictory data in their qualitative study design.

Q.9 The researchers clearly represented the results of the study. In this study, the researchers reported that there were four thematic categories and they were mainly low risk perception, lack in knowledge, inadequate in-service training and limitations of infrastructure. The study concluded that the participants of the study showed their weaknesses in knowledge of standard and transmission dependent protections, mostly for tuberculosis and hand hygiene. A lack of suitable resources and standardization in sharps disposal administration was also pointed by the participants. According to the study of Mullish et al. (2018) also reported the higher number of hospitals acquired infections in the hospital care setting. Fullwood and Rowley (2017) also reported the importance of the knowledge among the nurses and nursing students for improving the care process. Baker and Jungnelius (2018) also reported about the knowledge level of the nurses and the health care professionals as an important factor for preventing the health care associated infections in the hospital care setting.

1. 10 The research findings were very much valuable as the research identified the importance of the knowledge level of the nurses for avoiding the HAIs transmission in the hospital care setting (Burnett 2018).
2. d) Robustness of the Findings
   
   

The researchers recruited twenty professionals initially and from them only 11 participants were finally selected for this particular study and therefore the study results of the lower sample size study cannot be used to change the nursing practice. However, considering the other study findings in different context, further research can be recommended in the same context.

e) Professional Development

The current study findings will make me aware about the importance of the knowledge level for avoiding infection transmission in the hospital care setting. I also can understand the importance of knowledge sharing and gathering and thus I will also concentrate to improve my knowledge level as well.

Conclusion

Hence, it can be concluded that the hospital acquired infections are very common in case of the hospital care setting and the current study had identified the fact that the participants of the study showed their weaknesses in knowledge of standard and transmission dependent protections, mostly for tuberculosis and hand hygiene. A lack of suitable resources and standardization in sharps disposal administration was also pointed by the participants. Moreover, in this study researchers had also clearly justified the choice of the research design as the researchers wanted to gather ideas, feelings, attitudes and the perception of the health care setting to detect the knowledge level of the nurses and the health care professionals in the primary health care setting. For future recommendation the recruitment of more participants in the study can be recommended as it would enhance the validity of the study.

References

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